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<p>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) recovery from wastewater represents an emerging opportunity for sustainable nitrogen management and carbon-free hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production. Despite extensive research on ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and NH<sub>3</sub> recovery technologies, direct comparisons of process performance using real wastewater remain limited, and most studies prioritize fertilizer reuse rather than hydrogen generation. These limitations obscure the true recovery efficiency and hydrogen production potential of wastewater-derived NH<sub>3</sub>. An integrated system coupling NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> recovery from wastewater with electrochemical NH<sub>3</sub> conversion and catalytic H<sub>2</sub> production is presented. The system comprises three sequential steps: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> recovery via gas stripping, membrane dialysis, or electrodialysis; electrochemical conversion of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to NH<sub>3</sub>; and catalytic decomposition of NH<sub>3</sub> to H<sub>2</sub> using Ru-, Ni-, and alloy-based catalysts. Process performance was systematically compared by normalizing recovery results to equivalent real wastewater volumes, enabling quantitative assessment of both recovery efficiency and total NH<sub>3</sub> yield. The fully integrated system exhibited a theoretical hydrogen production potential equivalent to approximately 43.6% of current global H₂ output, demonstrating wastewater as a viable renewable NH<sub>3</sub> source and carbon-free hydrogen carrier. Techno-economic and environmental analyses further support the feasibility of wastewater-derived NH<sub>3</sub> as a sustainable alternative to conventional Haber–Bosch-based hydrogen production.</p>

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Hydrogen production from wastewater via ammonia gas recovery

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Heejin Yang,
  • Sam Yeol Lim,
  • Gayoung Lee,
  • Sung-Hyo Jung,
  • Seonuk Yu,
  • Jeehoon Han,
  • Chang-Gu Lee,
  • Jechan Lee

摘要

Ammonia (NH3) recovery from wastewater represents an emerging opportunity for sustainable nitrogen management and carbon-free hydrogen (H2) production. Despite extensive research on ammonium (NH4+) and NH3 recovery technologies, direct comparisons of process performance using real wastewater remain limited, and most studies prioritize fertilizer reuse rather than hydrogen generation. These limitations obscure the true recovery efficiency and hydrogen production potential of wastewater-derived NH3. An integrated system coupling NH4+ recovery from wastewater with electrochemical NH3 conversion and catalytic H2 production is presented. The system comprises three sequential steps: NH4+ recovery via gas stripping, membrane dialysis, or electrodialysis; electrochemical conversion of NH4+ to NH3; and catalytic decomposition of NH3 to H2 using Ru-, Ni-, and alloy-based catalysts. Process performance was systematically compared by normalizing recovery results to equivalent real wastewater volumes, enabling quantitative assessment of both recovery efficiency and total NH3 yield. The fully integrated system exhibited a theoretical hydrogen production potential equivalent to approximately 43.6% of current global H₂ output, demonstrating wastewater as a viable renewable NH3 source and carbon-free hydrogen carrier. Techno-economic and environmental analyses further support the feasibility of wastewater-derived NH3 as a sustainable alternative to conventional Haber–Bosch-based hydrogen production.