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<p>Ampicillin (AMP) poses a significant environmental hazard to aquatic ecosystems, and previous research has been inadequate in addressing the ecological toxicity of its byproducts. A novel photocatalyst, WO<sub>3</sub>-BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/digestate biochar (DSB), denoted WBD, was synthesized for efficient photocatalytic degradation of AMP. In our study, 150 mg WBD achieved 99.93% AMP degradation in 3 h at a concentration of 100 mg/L. WBD maintained a stable degradation performance under various environmental stressors, including pH, and the presence of Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and HA. •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, h<sup>+</sup>, •OH, and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> were identified as primary active oxygen species. WBD effectively targeted the -NH<sub>2</sub>, -SH, and β-lactam ring-forming -COOH of AMP, facilitating its transformation into low-toxic or non-toxic degradation products, and establishing a detoxification pathway. Overall, this study introduces a novel environmentally material that demonstrates a high degradation efficiency, long-lasting effectiveness, and low product toxicity, offering a promising approach for the effective management of emerging pollutants.</p>

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Low toxicity mechanistic insights into Z-scheme WO3/BiFeO3/DSB photocatalysts for efficient ampicillin degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Junxin Yu,
  • Tianyu Gu,
  • Ruiying Wang,
  • Xiaohui Zhu,
  • Zhexuan Li,
  • Weiming Zhu,
  • Li Jiang,
  • Zhiying Dong,
  • Bing Li

摘要

Ampicillin (AMP) poses a significant environmental hazard to aquatic ecosystems, and previous research has been inadequate in addressing the ecological toxicity of its byproducts. A novel photocatalyst, WO3-BiFeO3/digestate biochar (DSB), denoted WBD, was synthesized for efficient photocatalytic degradation of AMP. In our study, 150 mg WBD achieved 99.93% AMP degradation in 3 h at a concentration of 100 mg/L. WBD maintained a stable degradation performance under various environmental stressors, including pH, and the presence of Cl−, NO3−, and HA. •O2−, h+, •OH, and 1O2 were identified as primary active oxygen species. WBD effectively targeted the -NH2, -SH, and β-lactam ring-forming -COOH of AMP, facilitating its transformation into low-toxic or non-toxic degradation products, and establishing a detoxification pathway. Overall, this study introduces a novel environmentally material that demonstrates a high degradation efficiency, long-lasting effectiveness, and low product toxicity, offering a promising approach for the effective management of emerging pollutants.