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<p>Influenza contributes to significant disease burden worldwide, and young infants are at an increased risk of severe influenza infection. Maternal antibodies transferred across the placenta and through breast milk confer anti-influenza immunity to the newborn. Placental transfer provides a finite window of protection, but breast milk antibody transfer may provide prolonged immunity across the postnatal period. Yet, how breastmilk antibody profiles are shaped by maternal vaccination, change postnatally, and whether they contribute to protection against influenza remains incompletely defined. Comprehensive systems serological analysis of influenza-specific antibodies across 21 different antigens in a longitudinal birth cohort revealed maternal influenza vaccination was associated with enhanced antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) and FcγR binding in breast milk at two weeks postpartum. This effect was further stratified by trimester of vaccination: first trimester vaccinees exhibited increased ADCD and IgM levels, whereas second or third trimester vaccination was associated with increased FcγR and FcαR binding. Analysis of longitudinal samples revealed that anti-influenza antibody responses in milk shift postpartum toward increased FcγR binding and decreased ADCD activity and IgM levels. Finally, baseline ADCD activity in breast milk and serum IgG1 levels were identified as signatures of resistance to influenza infection during the first six months of life. A multivariate model combining correlates of protection across milk and serum compartments offered greater predictive power compared to either compartment alone, suggesting both routes of antibody transfer bolster anti-influenza immunity in infants. These data collectively suggest that maternal influenza vaccination confers infant protection via breast milk to augment placental antibody transfer, and the functional capacity of these protective antibodies could be enhanced with prolonged breastfeeding.</p>

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Maternal influenza vaccination boosts durable breast milk antibody-mediated protection in infants

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Remziye E. Wessel,
  • Xin Tong,
  • Allison Bhattacharya,
  • Allison R. Burrell,
  • Sara Spranger,
  • Ardythe L. Morrow,
  • Daniel C. Payne,
  • Margaret E. Ackerman,
  • Galit Alter,
  • Mary A. Staat,
  • Douglas A. Lauffenburger

摘要

Influenza contributes to significant disease burden worldwide, and young infants are at an increased risk of severe influenza infection. Maternal antibodies transferred across the placenta and through breast milk confer anti-influenza immunity to the newborn. Placental transfer provides a finite window of protection, but breast milk antibody transfer may provide prolonged immunity across the postnatal period. Yet, how breastmilk antibody profiles are shaped by maternal vaccination, change postnatally, and whether they contribute to protection against influenza remains incompletely defined. Comprehensive systems serological analysis of influenza-specific antibodies across 21 different antigens in a longitudinal birth cohort revealed maternal influenza vaccination was associated with enhanced antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) and FcγR binding in breast milk at two weeks postpartum. This effect was further stratified by trimester of vaccination: first trimester vaccinees exhibited increased ADCD and IgM levels, whereas second or third trimester vaccination was associated with increased FcγR and FcαR binding. Analysis of longitudinal samples revealed that anti-influenza antibody responses in milk shift postpartum toward increased FcγR binding and decreased ADCD activity and IgM levels. Finally, baseline ADCD activity in breast milk and serum IgG1 levels were identified as signatures of resistance to influenza infection during the first six months of life. A multivariate model combining correlates of protection across milk and serum compartments offered greater predictive power compared to either compartment alone, suggesting both routes of antibody transfer bolster anti-influenza immunity in infants. These data collectively suggest that maternal influenza vaccination confers infant protection via breast milk to augment placental antibody transfer, and the functional capacity of these protective antibodies could be enhanced with prolonged breastfeeding.