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<p>Lung-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells respond rapidly and effectively to respiratory pathogen invasion, suppressing pathogen proliferation. Previously, we identified a defined TLR3 agonist called Nexavant (NVT) and developed a vaccine platform that utilizes it to induce lung T<sub>RM</sub>. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the protective effect of T<sub>RM</sub> cells is observed in tuberculosis (TB), a chronic bacterial respiratory disease. We synthesized a peptide vaccine by elongating the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell epitopes from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10, and HspX, adjuvanted it with NVT and administered the vaccine intranasally or intramuscularly to mice. We demonstrated that intranasal administration of an NVT-formulated peptide vaccine induced the generation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells in the lungs, and that our vaccine platform, containing a limited number of CD4 epitopes, provided protective efficacy comparable to that of the BCG vaccine, which contains multiple T cell epitopes. Furthermore, the peptides used in the vaccine were reactive in 23 out of 24 (95.8%) human PBMCs, indicating that they contain promiscuous epitopes. Our results suggest a straightforward approach to controlling pulmonary TB more effectively through the induction of lung CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells, even when using the same target antigen. Additionally, this study supports a theoretical basis for developing an inhalable TB vaccine using synthetic peptides.</p>

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A vaccine targeting lung resident-memory CD4+ T cell phenotype protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Kwang Hyun Ko,
  • Seung-Hun Baek,
  • Hyun Shik Bae,
  • Young Mi Kim,
  • Sun Hwa Gu,
  • Yu Yeon Jung,
  • Eun Hye Kwak,
  • Han-Gyu Choi,
  • Hwa-Jung Kim,
  • Tae Sun Shim,
  • Dong-Ho Kim,
  • Seung Bin Cha

摘要

Lung-resident memory T (TRM) cells respond rapidly and effectively to respiratory pathogen invasion, suppressing pathogen proliferation. Previously, we identified a defined TLR3 agonist called Nexavant (NVT) and developed a vaccine platform that utilizes it to induce lung TRM. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the protective effect of TRM cells is observed in tuberculosis (TB), a chronic bacterial respiratory disease. We synthesized a peptide vaccine by elongating the CD4+ T cell epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10, and HspX, adjuvanted it with NVT and administered the vaccine intranasally or intramuscularly to mice. We demonstrated that intranasal administration of an NVT-formulated peptide vaccine induced the generation of CD4+ TRM cells in the lungs, and that our vaccine platform, containing a limited number of CD4 epitopes, provided protective efficacy comparable to that of the BCG vaccine, which contains multiple T cell epitopes. Furthermore, the peptides used in the vaccine were reactive in 23 out of 24 (95.8%) human PBMCs, indicating that they contain promiscuous epitopes. Our results suggest a straightforward approach to controlling pulmonary TB more effectively through the induction of lung CD4+ TRM cells, even when using the same target antigen. Additionally, this study supports a theoretical basis for developing an inhalable TB vaccine using synthetic peptides.