<p>Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.), a major legume crop valued for its high oil content, displays complex genotypic–phenotypic interactions shaped by environmental influences, yet these relationships remain poorly understood. We present a high-throughput phenotyping framework that captures the geometry of peanut pods using digital microscopy or smartphone imaging integrated with manifold-learning for large-scale analysis and visualization. Using over 6500 pods collected across China, we identify a geographically distinct morphological signature and demonstrate accurate cultivar discrimination. This scalable approach establishes the foundation for a Large Geometric Model capable of predicting phenotypic traits and accelerating precision agriculture. Our pipeline offers a transformative tool for peanut breeding and sustainable crop improvement.</p>

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Manifold-based learning for high-throughput single-peanut phenotyping

  • Weng Kung Peng,
  • Xiaomin Lin,
  • Peishan Deng,
  • Jianwen Jiang,
  • Chunling Ding,
  • Shijin Yuan

摘要

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a major legume crop valued for its high oil content, displays complex genotypic–phenotypic interactions shaped by environmental influences, yet these relationships remain poorly understood. We present a high-throughput phenotyping framework that captures the geometry of peanut pods using digital microscopy or smartphone imaging integrated with manifold-learning for large-scale analysis and visualization. Using over 6500 pods collected across China, we identify a geographically distinct morphological signature and demonstrate accurate cultivar discrimination. This scalable approach establishes the foundation for a Large Geometric Model capable of predicting phenotypic traits and accelerating precision agriculture. Our pipeline offers a transformative tool for peanut breeding and sustainable crop improvement.