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<p>Educational inequalities emerge early, yet the combined influence of socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and birth month remains understudied in preschool. While SES-related disparities have been linked to executive functions (EFs)—cognitive processes supporting goal-directed behavior—their role in gender- and birth-month-related inequalities is unknown. In a sample of 2,618 preschoolers (mean age = 42.61 months, SD = 3.41; girls/boys = 1254/1364), SES, gender, and birth month each independently predicted pre-academic abilities. EFs significantly mediated these associations, explaining 23% of SES-related disparities, 39% of gender-related disparities, and 51% of birth-month-related disparities. These findings provide novel evidence that early educational inequalities may partly originate from EF differences, underscoring their central role in shaping school readiness.</p>

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Executive functions as mediators of early educational disparities by SES, gender and birth month

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Margot Rémeau,
  • Philippe Schmitt,
  • Grégoire Borst

摘要

Educational inequalities emerge early, yet the combined influence of socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and birth month remains understudied in preschool. While SES-related disparities have been linked to executive functions (EFs)—cognitive processes supporting goal-directed behavior—their role in gender- and birth-month-related inequalities is unknown. In a sample of 2,618 preschoolers (mean age = 42.61 months, SD = 3.41; girls/boys = 1254/1364), SES, gender, and birth month each independently predicted pre-academic abilities. EFs significantly mediated these associations, explaining 23% of SES-related disparities, 39% of gender-related disparities, and 51% of birth-month-related disparities. These findings provide novel evidence that early educational inequalities may partly originate from EF differences, underscoring their central role in shaping school readiness.