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<p>This scoping review evaluates the potential of four alternative protein sources (plant-based meats, cultivated meat, insects, and single-cell proteins) to contribute to a sustainable food system. Using a holistic framework, each option is assessed across four dimensions: environmental impact, production scalability, consumer acceptability, and animal welfare. Plant-based meats rank highest, with established infrastructure, growing consumer acceptance, and substantial environmental benefits. Single-cell proteins show promise despite scalability uncertainties, while cultivated meat faces significant technical and economic challenges. Insect-based proteins encounter barriers across all dimensions, including limited environmental advantages and widespread consumer rejection. This multidimensional comparative analysis supports prioritizing plant-based meats in policy and investment strategies while highlighting critical research needs for emerging alternatives, demonstrating the value of systematic head-to-head comparisons in guiding resource allocation for sustainable food system transitions.</p>

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Comparing meat alternatives for a sustainable food system

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Tom Bry-Chevalier

摘要

This scoping review evaluates the potential of four alternative protein sources (plant-based meats, cultivated meat, insects, and single-cell proteins) to contribute to a sustainable food system. Using a holistic framework, each option is assessed across four dimensions: environmental impact, production scalability, consumer acceptability, and animal welfare. Plant-based meats rank highest, with established infrastructure, growing consumer acceptance, and substantial environmental benefits. Single-cell proteins show promise despite scalability uncertainties, while cultivated meat faces significant technical and economic challenges. Insect-based proteins encounter barriers across all dimensions, including limited environmental advantages and widespread consumer rejection. This multidimensional comparative analysis supports prioritizing plant-based meats in policy and investment strategies while highlighting critical research needs for emerging alternatives, demonstrating the value of systematic head-to-head comparisons in guiding resource allocation for sustainable food system transitions.