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<p>Monolayer 1T-phase NbSe<sub>2</sub>, a strongly correlated insulator hosting a frustrated spin lattice, has emerged as a promising platform for realizing exotic quantum phases arising from competing orders. Its insulating behavior originates from a charge-density-wave (CDW) state with Star-of-David (SD) clusters, each hosting a localized magnetic moment that forms a triangular spin network. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), we report the observation of a long-wavelength supermodulation that is commensurate with the SD CDW. To explain this data, we construct a Landau free energy model, which reveals a symmetry-allowed coupling between the spin and charge degrees of freedom. Combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we propose a plausible explanation for the modulation in terms of a phase in which the CDW order is entangled with a noncollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) state. These findings provide new insights into the complex interplay of electronic correlation, magnetism, and lattice order in two-dimensional quantum materials.</p>

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Observation of a commensurate super modulation consistent with an intertwined charge density wave and antiferromagnetic phase in monolayer 1T-NbSe2

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Joy Y. Hsu,
  • Rachel Birchmier,
  • Gurjyot Sethi,
  • Michael A. Altvater,
  • Guannan Chen,
  • Steven G. Louie,
  • Vidya Madhavan

摘要

Monolayer 1T-phase NbSe2, a strongly correlated insulator hosting a frustrated spin lattice, has emerged as a promising platform for realizing exotic quantum phases arising from competing orders. Its insulating behavior originates from a charge-density-wave (CDW) state with Star-of-David (SD) clusters, each hosting a localized magnetic moment that forms a triangular spin network. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), we report the observation of a long-wavelength supermodulation that is commensurate with the SD CDW. To explain this data, we construct a Landau free energy model, which reveals a symmetry-allowed coupling between the spin and charge degrees of freedom. Combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we propose a plausible explanation for the modulation in terms of a phase in which the CDW order is entangled with a noncollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) state. These findings provide new insights into the complex interplay of electronic correlation, magnetism, and lattice order in two-dimensional quantum materials.