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<p>Experiments have pointed to the formation of the electron quadrupling condensate in Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>K<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> at <i>x</i> ~ 0.8. The state spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry and is sandwiched between two critical points, separating it from the broken time-reversal symmetry (BTRS) superconducting state at <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({T}_{{\rm{c}}}^{U(1)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and a normal-metal state at <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({T}_{{\rm{c}}}^{{\rm{Z2}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Z2</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We report a theory of the acoustic effects spectroscopy of systems with an electron quadrupling phase based on ultrasound-velocity measurements. We show that the experimental results are consistent with BTRS superconductivity at <i>x</i> ~ 0.8, fulfilling the necessary condition for the formation of electron quadrupling in Ba<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>K<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>. We provide the theoretical basis and the experimental strategy to study the order parameter symmetry of emerging quadrupling condensates in superconductors.</p>

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Ultrasound evidence for multicomponent superconducting order parameter in Ba1−xKxFe2As2 with electron quadrupling phase

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Chris Halcrow,
  • Ilya Shipulin,
  • Federico Caglieris,
  • Yongwei Li,
  • Joachim Wosnitza,
  • Hans-Henning Klauss,
  • Sergei Zherlitsyn,
  • Vadim Grinenko,
  • Egor Babaev

摘要

Experiments have pointed to the formation of the electron quadrupling condensate in Ba1−xKxFe2As2 at x ~ 0.8. The state spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry and is sandwiched between two critical points, separating it from the broken time-reversal symmetry (BTRS) superconducting state at \({T}_{{\rm{c}}}^{U(1)}\) T c U ( 1 ) and a normal-metal state at \({T}_{{\rm{c}}}^{{\rm{Z2}}}\) T c Z2 . We report a theory of the acoustic effects spectroscopy of systems with an electron quadrupling phase based on ultrasound-velocity measurements. We show that the experimental results are consistent with BTRS superconductivity at x ~ 0.8, fulfilling the necessary condition for the formation of electron quadrupling in Ba1−xKxFe2As2. We provide the theoretical basis and the experimental strategy to study the order parameter symmetry of emerging quadrupling condensates in superconductors.