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<p>We consider two-dimensional periodically driven systems of fermions with particle-hole symmetry. Such systems support non-trivial topological phases, including ones that cannot be realized in equilibrium. We show that a space-time defect in the driving Hamiltonian, dubbed a “time vortex,” can bind <i>π</i> Majorana modes. A time vortex is a point in space around which the phase lag of the Hamiltonian changes by a multiple of 2<i>π</i>. We demonstrate this behavior on a periodically driven version of Kitaev’s honeycomb spin model, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41535_2025_745_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> fluxes and time vortices can realize any combination of 0 and <i>π</i> Majorana modes. We show that a time vortex can be created using Clifford gates, simplifying its realization in near-term quantum simulators.</p>

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Topological excitations at time vortices in periodically driven systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月13日

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  • Gilad Kishony,
  • Ori Grossman,
  • Netanel Lindner,
  • Mark Rudner,
  • Erez Berg

摘要

We consider two-dimensional periodically driven systems of fermions with particle-hole symmetry. Such systems support non-trivial topological phases, including ones that cannot be realized in equilibrium. We show that a space-time defect in the driving Hamiltonian, dubbed a “time vortex,” can bind π Majorana modes. A time vortex is a point in space around which the phase lag of the Hamiltonian changes by a multiple of 2π. We demonstrate this behavior on a periodically driven version of Kitaev’s honeycomb spin model, where \({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\) Z 2 fluxes and time vortices can realize any combination of 0 and π Majorana modes. We show that a time vortex can be created using Clifford gates, simplifying its realization in near-term quantum simulators.