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<p>Slow-wave activity during sleep facilitates synaptic downscaling, while theta activity during wakefulness reflects synaptic upscaling, and both processes may be altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We compared actigraphy and high-density EEG in 12 healthy volunteers and three PD cohorts: early stage (EPD, <i>n</i> = 12), advanced non-dyskinetic (ADV, <i>n</i> = 13), and advanced dyskinetic (DYS, <i>n</i> = 11). Participants completed one week of actigraphy monitoring, followed by two resting-state EEG recordings conducted separately in the morning and evening. Wake-theta activity was analyzed using both linear and linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age/sex, plus cluster-based non-parametric statistics, then related to clinical variables, and actigraphy-derived sleep metrics via partial correlations. Dyskinetic patients showed marked sleep disruption, elevated morning theta compared with controls (<i>p</i> = 0.006, d = 1.54) and EPD (<i>p</i> = 0.03, d = 0.85), along with a significantly reduced diurnal theta build-up compared with controls (<i>p</i> = 0.009, d = 1.57). EPD and ADV groups showed preserved diurnal increases. In dyskinetic patients, a higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was correlated with higher morning theta (<i>ρ</i> = 0.70, <i>p</i> = 0.023, pFDR=0.046) and smaller diurnal theta increases (<i>ρ</i> = −0.77, <i>p</i> = 0.009, pFDR=0.046). Relationships between theta and actigraphy-derived sleep metrics were weaker and inconsistent across groups. These findings suggest a dyskinesia-specific profile of impaired wake-related theta homeostasis, motivating longitudinal studies combining polysomnography and waking EEG.</p>

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Altered wakeful theta activity characterizes levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Luigi Fiorillo,
  • Giovanni Lombardi,
  • Nicolo La Porta,
  • Lisa Arnaud,
  • Marco Veneruso,
  • Anna Castelnovo,
  • Ilaria Bertaina,
  • Claudio Staedler,
  • Alain Kaelin-Lang,
  • Salvatore Galati

摘要

Slow-wave activity during sleep facilitates synaptic downscaling, while theta activity during wakefulness reflects synaptic upscaling, and both processes may be altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We compared actigraphy and high-density EEG in 12 healthy volunteers and three PD cohorts: early stage (EPD, n = 12), advanced non-dyskinetic (ADV, n = 13), and advanced dyskinetic (DYS, n = 11). Participants completed one week of actigraphy monitoring, followed by two resting-state EEG recordings conducted separately in the morning and evening. Wake-theta activity was analyzed using both linear and linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age/sex, plus cluster-based non-parametric statistics, then related to clinical variables, and actigraphy-derived sleep metrics via partial correlations. Dyskinetic patients showed marked sleep disruption, elevated morning theta compared with controls (p = 0.006, d = 1.54) and EPD (p = 0.03, d = 0.85), along with a significantly reduced diurnal theta build-up compared with controls (p = 0.009, d = 1.57). EPD and ADV groups showed preserved diurnal increases. In dyskinetic patients, a higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was correlated with higher morning theta (ρ = 0.70, p = 0.023, pFDR=0.046) and smaller diurnal theta increases (ρ = −0.77, p = 0.009, pFDR=0.046). Relationships between theta and actigraphy-derived sleep metrics were weaker and inconsistent across groups. These findings suggest a dyskinesia-specific profile of impaired wake-related theta homeostasis, motivating longitudinal studies combining polysomnography and waking EEG.