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<p>Microbial communities survive in stressful environments like cadmium (Cd) contamination through adaptive responses. Cd pollution is frequently associated with elevated zinc (Zn); however, how microorganisms utilize Zn to shape community structure remains unclear. Here, we find that Zn enhances Cd(II) immobilization in <i>Paenarthrobacter</i> sp. CC6. Proteomic analysis and heterologous expression identified a sugar-binding protein (MalE) and an energy-related gene cluster (<i>ansP</i>-<i>acoAB</i>-<i>aceF</i>-<i>menH</i>) as key contributors to this process. We performed a one-month co-culture of the MalE-expressing strain with various Cd-resistant bacteria. This resulted in enrichment of <i>Chitinophaga</i> sp. CC14 within a synthetic community. Surface-displayed MalE enhanced biofilm formation by CC14, an effect that was abolished when the strains were separated by a membrane. Mass-spectrum analysis showed a concomitant increase in surface maltose on CC14, and point mutation verified that lysine-155 is associated with this interaction. Our findings unveil a MalE-mediated defense system that coordinately links Cd immobilization with biofilm-driven community assembly.</p>

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Sugar-binding protein MalE mediates cadmium immobilization and promotes biofilm formation in microbial communities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Xueqi Huo,
  • Linfan Ye,
  • Jing Yi,
  • Di Chen,
  • Kaixiang Shi

摘要

Microbial communities survive in stressful environments like cadmium (Cd) contamination through adaptive responses. Cd pollution is frequently associated with elevated zinc (Zn); however, how microorganisms utilize Zn to shape community structure remains unclear. Here, we find that Zn enhances Cd(II) immobilization in Paenarthrobacter sp. CC6. Proteomic analysis and heterologous expression identified a sugar-binding protein (MalE) and an energy-related gene cluster (ansP-acoAB-aceF-menH) as key contributors to this process. We performed a one-month co-culture of the MalE-expressing strain with various Cd-resistant bacteria. This resulted in enrichment of Chitinophaga sp. CC14 within a synthetic community. Surface-displayed MalE enhanced biofilm formation by CC14, an effect that was abolished when the strains were separated by a membrane. Mass-spectrum analysis showed a concomitant increase in surface maltose on CC14, and point mutation verified that lysine-155 is associated with this interaction. Our findings unveil a MalE-mediated defense system that coordinately links Cd immobilization with biofilm-driven community assembly.