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<p>This study aims to evaluate associations between the oral microbiota, metabolites, potential oral-gut transmitted microbes, and systemic immune alterations in term pregnancy. Oral and gut microbiomes, salivary metabolome, peripheral immune cells, and cytokines were profiled in term pregnant (<i>n</i> = 25) and non-pregnant women (<i>n</i> = 25). Species enriched in pregnancy, including <i>Streptococcus anginosus</i> and <i>Prevotella denticola</i>, correlated positively with the NK cell ratio, while <i>Prevotella histicola</i> and <i>Prevotella micans</i> correlated positively with CD56<sup>bright</sup>CD16<sup>−</sup> NK cells. Mediation analysis indicated that fatty acids in saliva may not mediate the impact of oral microbiota on peripheral immune changes during pregnancy. Several potential oral–gut transmitted microbes with a higher maternal transfer ratio were positively associated with CD56<sup>bright</sup>CD16<sup>−</sup> NK cells and the NK cell ratio, but negatively with Th1 cells and the Th1/Th2 ratio. These findings provide preliminary evidence that pregnancy-related immune shifts may be linked to oral microbiota alterations and microbial transmission.</p>

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Integrative analysis of oral microbiota and its gut transmission with host immunity in term pregnancy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Ting Huang,
  • Xiaomei Tang,
  • Huijuan Luo,
  • Han Bao,
  • Haishan Xie,
  • Lulu Meng,
  • Li Zhang,
  • Guocheng Liu,
  • Xiaomin Xiao

摘要

This study aims to evaluate associations between the oral microbiota, metabolites, potential oral-gut transmitted microbes, and systemic immune alterations in term pregnancy. Oral and gut microbiomes, salivary metabolome, peripheral immune cells, and cytokines were profiled in term pregnant (n = 25) and non-pregnant women (n = 25). Species enriched in pregnancy, including Streptococcus anginosus and Prevotella denticola, correlated positively with the NK cell ratio, while Prevotella histicola and Prevotella micans correlated positively with CD56brightCD16− NK cells. Mediation analysis indicated that fatty acids in saliva may not mediate the impact of oral microbiota on peripheral immune changes during pregnancy. Several potential oral–gut transmitted microbes with a higher maternal transfer ratio were positively associated with CD56brightCD16− NK cells and the NK cell ratio, but negatively with Th1 cells and the Th1/Th2 ratio. These findings provide preliminary evidence that pregnancy-related immune shifts may be linked to oral microbiota alterations and microbial transmission.