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<p>Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The vaginal microbiome influences pregnancy outcomes by effecting immunity, epithelial integrity and inflammation. <i>Lactobacillus</i>-dominance supports immune tolerance, whereas dysbiosis consisting of anaerobes such as <i>Gardnerella</i> and <i>Prevotella</i> promote inflammation and premature cervical remodelling. This review synthesises evidence linking microbiome composition, ancestry-associated disparities and host responses, and discusses emerging microbiome-based interventions for preterm birth.</p>

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The vaginal microbiome in pregnancy and preterm birth: mechanisms, disparities, and therapeutic opportunities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Nashlin Pillay,
  • Charlotte-Eve S. Short,
  • Gugulethu Favourate Mzobe,
  • Andile Mtshali,
  • Sinaye Ngcapu

摘要

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The vaginal microbiome influences pregnancy outcomes by effecting immunity, epithelial integrity and inflammation. Lactobacillus-dominance supports immune tolerance, whereas dysbiosis consisting of anaerobes such as Gardnerella and Prevotella promote inflammation and premature cervical remodelling. This review synthesises evidence linking microbiome composition, ancestry-associated disparities and host responses, and discusses emerging microbiome-based interventions for preterm birth.