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<p>Menopause affects the aging process in women through a significant decline in ovarian hormone production in midlife. Women who experience early menopause show accelerated physiological aging, poorer memory, and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, how menopause timing affects brain activity remains unclear, which could be crucial for understanding early menopause-related aging acceleration and increased risk of dementia. Recent studies have revealed a highly structured infra-slow (&lt;0.1 Hz) global brain activity and linked it to arousal and memory functions, as well as waste clearance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we examined how this global brain activity relates to age at menopause using resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project-Aging dataset. We found that women with earlier menopause (mean menopausal age 45 ± 3.5 yr) exhibited weaker global brain activity with reduced coupling to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow compared to age-matched later-menopausal women (mean menopausal age 54 ± 1.2 yr). Differences appeared mainly in higher-order brain regions, where activation levels correlated with memory performance in earlier but not in intermediate or later menopausal women. These findings highlight brain activity changes linked to early menopause, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying memory decline and the increased risk of AD and dementias in early-onset menopausal women.</p>

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Early menopause is associated with reduced global brain activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Xufu Liu,
  • Liying Luo,
  • Laura Pritschet,
  • Yutong Mao,
  • Feng Han,
  • David N. Proctor,
  • Xiao Liu

摘要

Menopause affects the aging process in women through a significant decline in ovarian hormone production in midlife. Women who experience early menopause show accelerated physiological aging, poorer memory, and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, how menopause timing affects brain activity remains unclear, which could be crucial for understanding early menopause-related aging acceleration and increased risk of dementia. Recent studies have revealed a highly structured infra-slow (<0.1 Hz) global brain activity and linked it to arousal and memory functions, as well as waste clearance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we examined how this global brain activity relates to age at menopause using resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project-Aging dataset. We found that women with earlier menopause (mean menopausal age 45 ± 3.5 yr) exhibited weaker global brain activity with reduced coupling to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow compared to age-matched later-menopausal women (mean menopausal age 54 ± 1.2 yr). Differences appeared mainly in higher-order brain regions, where activation levels correlated with memory performance in earlier but not in intermediate or later menopausal women. These findings highlight brain activity changes linked to early menopause, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying memory decline and the increased risk of AD and dementias in early-onset menopausal women.