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<p>Molten-salt aluminum batteries are promising for grid-scale energy storage, leveraging the abundance and recyclability of aluminum along with the intrinsic safety, non-flammability, and high ionic conductivity of chloroaluminate electrolytes. However, conventional polymeric binders lack stability in high-temperature, corrosive molten-salt environments, leading to electrode structural degradation and premature battery failure. Here we propose thick cement-graphite electrodes for molten salt aluminum batteries that feature a self-supporting structure, high mechanical strength, high thermal tolerance, and resistance to chemical corrosion. In this design, graphite provides continuous electron-conducting pathways, while hydrated cement phases encapsulate and interconnect graphite, forming an inorganic skeleton with measurable mechanical properties, chemically inert, and hierarchically porous. Operating at 150 °C, the Al|&#xa0;|cement-graphite cells achieve a long cycle life of over 11,000 cycles at 16 mg cm<sup>–2</sup> and 10 A g<sup>–1</sup>, rate capability (retaining nearly 80 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> at 15 A g<sup>–1</sup>) and stable cycling performance under high mass loadings up to 100 mg cm<sup>–2</sup>. After extended cycling, the cement-graphite electrode retains its structural integrity. Multi-cell assemblies demonstrate scalability, while cost analysis shows cost savings associated with cement binders for molten-salt batteries.</p>

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Robust cement-graphite thick electrode enables high-performance molten salt aluminum batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Kai Luo,
  • Xiong Qian,
  • Jiashen Meng,
  • Xuanpeng Wang,
  • Yukun Qin,
  • Jinshuo Wang,
  • Meng Zhang,
  • Xiaoxue Yan,
  • Fang Liu,
  • Minghao Wang,
  • Chuanlin Hu,
  • Shuguang Hu,
  • Chi Sun Poon,
  • Fazhou Wang

摘要

Molten-salt aluminum batteries are promising for grid-scale energy storage, leveraging the abundance and recyclability of aluminum along with the intrinsic safety, non-flammability, and high ionic conductivity of chloroaluminate electrolytes. However, conventional polymeric binders lack stability in high-temperature, corrosive molten-salt environments, leading to electrode structural degradation and premature battery failure. Here we propose thick cement-graphite electrodes for molten salt aluminum batteries that feature a self-supporting structure, high mechanical strength, high thermal tolerance, and resistance to chemical corrosion. In this design, graphite provides continuous electron-conducting pathways, while hydrated cement phases encapsulate and interconnect graphite, forming an inorganic skeleton with measurable mechanical properties, chemically inert, and hierarchically porous. Operating at 150 °C, the Al| |cement-graphite cells achieve a long cycle life of over 11,000 cycles at 16 mg cm–2 and 10 A g–1, rate capability (retaining nearly 80 mAh g–1 at 15 A g–1) and stable cycling performance under high mass loadings up to 100 mg cm–2. After extended cycling, the cement-graphite electrode retains its structural integrity. Multi-cell assemblies demonstrate scalability, while cost analysis shows cost savings associated with cement binders for molten-salt batteries.