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<p>Liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) exhibit remarkable light-responsive actuation, yet the molecular-level design rules governing their performance remain elusive. Here, we develop a series of molecular motor-based photo-responsive units with tunable rigidity, and different substituents, enabling precise modulation of LCPN mechanics and photo-responsive behavior. By systematic study and comparing these motors with conventional azobenzene and second-generation molecular motors, we establish clear structure-property relationships that link molecular design to macroscopic actuation efficiency and network stiffness. Notably, our motor-integrated LCPNs also exhibit intrinsic fluorescence, enabling shape-encoded pattern visualization without the need for additional fluorescent molecules. This multifunctional liquid crystal-motor hybrid system integrates light-induced actuation, mechanical tunability, and fluorescence signaling, offering design principles for next-generation soft actuators and intelligent photonic devices.</p>

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Efficient molecular motors in liquid crystal networks enable the integration of fluorescence with large opto-mechanical effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Guiying Long,
  • Jiahui Meng,
  • Alexander Ryabchun,
  • Ben L. Feringa

摘要

Liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) exhibit remarkable light-responsive actuation, yet the molecular-level design rules governing their performance remain elusive. Here, we develop a series of molecular motor-based photo-responsive units with tunable rigidity, and different substituents, enabling precise modulation of LCPN mechanics and photo-responsive behavior. By systematic study and comparing these motors with conventional azobenzene and second-generation molecular motors, we establish clear structure-property relationships that link molecular design to macroscopic actuation efficiency and network stiffness. Notably, our motor-integrated LCPNs also exhibit intrinsic fluorescence, enabling shape-encoded pattern visualization without the need for additional fluorescent molecules. This multifunctional liquid crystal-motor hybrid system integrates light-induced actuation, mechanical tunability, and fluorescence signaling, offering design principles for next-generation soft actuators and intelligent photonic devices.