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<p>Seasonal growth modulation is a key adaptive trait in perennials that supports overwinter survival. During winter, many perennials adopt a rosette growth habit by suppressing both vegetative extension and flowering, but the mechanism that coordinates these two distinct developmental programs remains unclear. Here, we show that prolonged chilling primarily acts at the shoot apex to confer extension growth and flowering competence in chrysanthemum (<i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>). Long-term chilling is accompanied by marked changes in gene expression in the rib zone of the shoot apex. Notably, the expression of <i>CmDREBa</i> is associated with the transition from extension growth to rosette growth. Chilling induces <i>CmDREBa</i> expression, which suppresses both extension growth and flowering; when temperatures rise, <i>CmDREBa</i> expression declines, allowing both processes to resume. CmDREBa directly induces the expression of <i>MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING</i> (<i>MAF</i>) genes, which in turn promote rosette growth. Together, these findings identify CmDREBa as a key regulator of chilling-responsive seasonal growth.</p>

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CmDREBa regulates the perennial growth habit of chrysanthemum in response to prolonged chilling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Tianhua Jiang,
  • Xuening Liu,
  • Jiayi Luo,
  • Lei Liu,
  • Yufei Liu,
  • Mingzheng Han,
  • Conglin Huang,
  • Chang Luo,
  • Yafei Zhao,
  • Chao Ma

摘要

Seasonal growth modulation is a key adaptive trait in perennials that supports overwinter survival. During winter, many perennials adopt a rosette growth habit by suppressing both vegetative extension and flowering, but the mechanism that coordinates these two distinct developmental programs remains unclear. Here, we show that prolonged chilling primarily acts at the shoot apex to confer extension growth and flowering competence in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Long-term chilling is accompanied by marked changes in gene expression in the rib zone of the shoot apex. Notably, the expression of CmDREBa is associated with the transition from extension growth to rosette growth. Chilling induces CmDREBa expression, which suppresses both extension growth and flowering; when temperatures rise, CmDREBa expression declines, allowing both processes to resume. CmDREBa directly induces the expression of MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING (MAF) genes, which in turn promote rosette growth. Together, these findings identify CmDREBa as a key regulator of chilling-responsive seasonal growth.