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<p>How animals repeatedly adapted to life on land is a central question in evolutionary biology. While terrestrialisation occurred independently across animal phyla, it remains unclear whether shared genomic mechanisms underlie these transitions. Here, we combine large-scale comparative genomics, machine learning, and multi-omics data, including proteomics and transcriptomics from stress experiments relevant to terrestrial environmental challenges in 17 species, to investigate the genomic basis of animal terrestrial adaptation. Gene co-expression networks reveal that genes relevant to stress are largely lineage-specific, yet converge in function through the co-option of gene families pre-dating terrestrialisation events. Phylogenomic and machine learning analyses support a dominant role for early-evolving genes, enriched in stress-related functions, paired with a higher gene loss than gain at terrestrialisation nodes. Our findings support a model of lineage-specific genomic changes involving mostly conserved genes that converged at the functional level during the independent transitions to terrestrial life.</p>

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Convergent genomic trajectories shape adaptation to life on land across animal lineages

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Gemma I. Martínez-Redondo,
  • Klara Eleftheriadi,
  • Judit Salces-Ortiz,
  • Nuria Escudero,
  • Fernando Ángel Fernández-Álvarez,
  • Belén Carbonetto,
  • Carlos Vargas-Chávez,
  • Raquel García-Vernet,
  • Javier Palma-Guerrero,
  • Libe Rentería,
  • Iñaki Rojo,
  • Cristina Chiva,
  • Eduard Sabidó,
  • Aureliano Bombarely,
  • Rosa Fernández

摘要

How animals repeatedly adapted to life on land is a central question in evolutionary biology. While terrestrialisation occurred independently across animal phyla, it remains unclear whether shared genomic mechanisms underlie these transitions. Here, we combine large-scale comparative genomics, machine learning, and multi-omics data, including proteomics and transcriptomics from stress experiments relevant to terrestrial environmental challenges in 17 species, to investigate the genomic basis of animal terrestrial adaptation. Gene co-expression networks reveal that genes relevant to stress are largely lineage-specific, yet converge in function through the co-option of gene families pre-dating terrestrialisation events. Phylogenomic and machine learning analyses support a dominant role for early-evolving genes, enriched in stress-related functions, paired with a higher gene loss than gain at terrestrialisation nodes. Our findings support a model of lineage-specific genomic changes involving mostly conserved genes that converged at the functional level during the independent transitions to terrestrial life.