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<p>As anthropogenic forcing intensifies, soil moisture droughts have become prevalent across many regions. Soil moisture anomalies can influence near-surface air temperature by modulating both energy and carbon fluxes. However, the annual temperature response to soil moisture anomalies in the year following a soil moisture drought remains unclear. Here, we show that annual soil water loss in the year after soil moisture droughts induces a larger annual warming effect than the annual cooling from an equivalent water gain. This asymmetric response arises only when the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing are included, where vegetation is more strongly suppressed after soil moisture drought than enhanced after soil moisture gaining, contributing to reduced transpiration and carbon uptake that collectively amplify warming. More than 60% of global land areas exhibit the asymmetry. Our findings suggest that past climate extremes may accelerate future warming by impairing vegetation’s capacity to regulate biophysical and biogeochemical processes.</p>

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Asymmetric temperature responses to soil moisture drought legacies under anthropogenic forcing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Jun Li,
  • Minchao Wu,
  • Weilin Liao,
  • Xuezhi Tan,
  • Xushu Wu,
  • Chengguang Lai,
  • Zhaoli Wang,
  • Xiangju Cheng,
  • Xiaoping Liu,
  • Hongwu Tang,
  • Josep Peñuelas

摘要

As anthropogenic forcing intensifies, soil moisture droughts have become prevalent across many regions. Soil moisture anomalies can influence near-surface air temperature by modulating both energy and carbon fluxes. However, the annual temperature response to soil moisture anomalies in the year following a soil moisture drought remains unclear. Here, we show that annual soil water loss in the year after soil moisture droughts induces a larger annual warming effect than the annual cooling from an equivalent water gain. This asymmetric response arises only when the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing are included, where vegetation is more strongly suppressed after soil moisture drought than enhanced after soil moisture gaining, contributing to reduced transpiration and carbon uptake that collectively amplify warming. More than 60% of global land areas exhibit the asymmetry. Our findings suggest that past climate extremes may accelerate future warming by impairing vegetation’s capacity to regulate biophysical and biogeochemical processes.