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<p>Scalable production of high-quality 2D nanosheets remains challenging because existing top-down and bottom-up methods typically face a trade-off between material quality, yield, and cost. Here, we report the seconds-scale (~12 s) production of high-quality 2D crystals via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical anion (PAH<sup>•-</sup>)-mediated organoalkali intercalation. The tunable reduction potential and electron-transfer capability of PAH<sup>•-</sup> enable ultrafast alkali-ion intercalation within seconds in the stable potential of layered hosts. For graphite, sodium naphthalenide (Na-Naph) forms a stage-1 graphite intercalation compound in only 1 s, and subsequent hydrolysis-driven exfoliation in 11 s yields graphene with &gt;88% yield and &gt;50% single-layer ratio, with a negligible increase in defect density (I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio from ~0.10 to ~0.11). This strategy is further extended to the exfoliation of few-layer (3-5 layers) transition-metal sulfides, selenides, and tellurides while preserving their intrinsic crystal phases. This work establishes a practical, high-yield route for rapid intercalation-driven exfoliation, offering a scalable platform for manufacturing high-quality 2D crystals.</p>

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Seconds-scale exfoliation of high-quality 2D crystals enabled by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical anion-mediated organoalkali intercalation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Tong Li,
  • Linkai Peng,
  • Xianying Qin,
  • Sichen Gu,
  • Jiwei Shi,
  • Qiuchen Song,
  • Bohan Zhang,
  • Wei Lv,
  • Feiyu Kang

摘要

Scalable production of high-quality 2D nanosheets remains challenging because existing top-down and bottom-up methods typically face a trade-off between material quality, yield, and cost. Here, we report the seconds-scale (~12 s) production of high-quality 2D crystals via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical anion (PAH•-)-mediated organoalkali intercalation. The tunable reduction potential and electron-transfer capability of PAH•- enable ultrafast alkali-ion intercalation within seconds in the stable potential of layered hosts. For graphite, sodium naphthalenide (Na-Naph) forms a stage-1 graphite intercalation compound in only 1 s, and subsequent hydrolysis-driven exfoliation in 11 s yields graphene with >88% yield and >50% single-layer ratio, with a negligible increase in defect density (ID/IG ratio from ~0.10 to ~0.11). This strategy is further extended to the exfoliation of few-layer (3-5 layers) transition-metal sulfides, selenides, and tellurides while preserving their intrinsic crystal phases. This work establishes a practical, high-yield route for rapid intercalation-driven exfoliation, offering a scalable platform for manufacturing high-quality 2D crystals.