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<p>Osteoarthritis, a whole-joint degenerative disorder, is a major public health burden that affects nearly 600 million individuals worldwide, with no disease-modifying treatment. Molecular profiling of relevant tissues is crucial for understanding the biology of disease development. Here, we generate a comprehensive map of <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>- transcriptional regulation in disease-relevant primary tissues from knee osteoarthritis patients: macroscopically intact (low-grade, n = 261) and degenerated (high-grade, n = 212) cartilage, synovium (n = 277), and fat pad (n = 92). We identify 10,166 unique expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL)-associated genes, 61.1% of which have not been reported in previous osteoarthritis eQTL studies, and uncover cartilage grade-specific genetic regulation. Using the largest osteoarthritis genome-wide association study to date, we find colocalization evidence with 136 genes and prioritize 45 high-confidence effector genes. At colocalizing loci, osteoarthritis risk alleles are associated with increased expression of genes involved in chondrogenic and hypertrophic signaling and decreased expression of genes encoding regulatory and modulatory components of these pathways. By integrating the eQTL maps with functional data, we delineate regulatory architectures for osteoarthritis risk variants, including promoter-enhancer loops and transcription factor binding effects. Finally, we provide directional evidence highlighting drugs targeting <i>LGALS3</i> and <i>SMAD7</i> as repurposing opportunities for osteoarthritis treatment.</p>

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Transcriptome analysis in osteoarthritis primary tissues identifies high-confidence effector genes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Georgia Katsoula,
  • Ana Luiza Arruda,
  • Mauro Tutino,
  • Ene Reimann,
  • Norbert Bittner,
  • Peter Kreitmaier,
  • Karan M. Shah,
  • Diane Swift,
  • Lorraine Southam,
  • Siim Suutre,
  • Galadriel Lucía Velázquez Silva,
  • Kaspar Tootsi,
  • Aare Märtson,
  • Reedik Mägi,
  • J. Mark Wilkinson,
  • Eleftheria Zeggini

摘要

Osteoarthritis, a whole-joint degenerative disorder, is a major public health burden that affects nearly 600 million individuals worldwide, with no disease-modifying treatment. Molecular profiling of relevant tissues is crucial for understanding the biology of disease development. Here, we generate a comprehensive map of cis- and trans- transcriptional regulation in disease-relevant primary tissues from knee osteoarthritis patients: macroscopically intact (low-grade, n = 261) and degenerated (high-grade, n = 212) cartilage, synovium (n = 277), and fat pad (n = 92). We identify 10,166 unique expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL)-associated genes, 61.1% of which have not been reported in previous osteoarthritis eQTL studies, and uncover cartilage grade-specific genetic regulation. Using the largest osteoarthritis genome-wide association study to date, we find colocalization evidence with 136 genes and prioritize 45 high-confidence effector genes. At colocalizing loci, osteoarthritis risk alleles are associated with increased expression of genes involved in chondrogenic and hypertrophic signaling and decreased expression of genes encoding regulatory and modulatory components of these pathways. By integrating the eQTL maps with functional data, we delineate regulatory architectures for osteoarthritis risk variants, including promoter-enhancer loops and transcription factor binding effects. Finally, we provide directional evidence highlighting drugs targeting LGALS3 and SMAD7 as repurposing opportunities for osteoarthritis treatment.