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<p>The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of our climate system. However, the evolution history and the forcing mechanism of AMOC in the last millennial has remained uncertain. Here, combining available paleo AMOC-sensitive indicators with multiple climate models and paleo Data Assimilation, we show, for the first time, that the AMOC transport exhibits a slow declining trend into the Little Ice Age, with a reduction of about <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-0.7\,\pm 0.4{Sv}.\)</EquationSource><EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math><mo>−</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mspace width="0.25em" /><mo>±</mo><mn>0.4</mn><mi>S</mi><mi>v</mi><mo>.</mo></math></EquationSource></InlineEquation> (~4%) from AD 850-1850. This weakening is mainly caused by explosive volcanic eruptions. After a rapid strengthening in the initial decade following a volcanic eruption, the AMOC tends to show a slow weakening of centennial timescale, driven by stored cooling in the deep Atlantic and its feedback on North Atlantic climate.</p>

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Volcanic eruptions caused weakening AMOC during the preindustrial past millennium

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Kefan Chen,
  • Zhengyu Liu,
  • Liang Ning,
  • Jian Liu,
  • Lili Lei,
  • Michael E. Mann,
  • Mi Yan,
  • Weiyi Sun,
  • Haohao Sun,
  • Wenqing Hu,
  • Peng Gu,
  • Yuntao Bao,
  • Yanmin Qin,
  • Fangmiao Xing,
  • Lingwei Li,
  • Jinbo Du,
  • Qin Wen

摘要

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of our climate system. However, the evolution history and the forcing mechanism of AMOC in the last millennial has remained uncertain. Here, combining available paleo AMOC-sensitive indicators with multiple climate models and paleo Data Assimilation, we show, for the first time, that the AMOC transport exhibits a slow declining trend into the Little Ice Age, with a reduction of about \(-0.7\,\pm 0.4{Sv}.\)−0.7±0.4Sv. (~4%) from AD 850-1850. This weakening is mainly caused by explosive volcanic eruptions. After a rapid strengthening in the initial decade following a volcanic eruption, the AMOC tends to show a slow weakening of centennial timescale, driven by stored cooling in the deep Atlantic and its feedback on North Atlantic climate.