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<p>The type I Interferon (IFN-I)-induced ubiquitin-like modifier Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against viral infections. ISG15 is conjugated to target proteins by an enzymatic cascade, called ISGylation. While ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) serves as the major deISGylase counteracting ISG15 conjugation, ISG15 cross-reactive deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) have also been reported. Here, we identify USP24 as an ISG15 cross-reactive DUB through activity-based protein profiling. USP24 processes pro-ISG15 and ISG15-linked substrates in vitro, and its depletion increases ISG15 conjugates following interferon stimulation in cells without altering canonical IFN-I signaling. USP24 knockout cells show increased IFN-β and ISG expression upon activation of cytosolic RNA sensing via viral mimicry. Proteomic analysis identifies RNA helicase Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) as a specific target of USP24 for deISGylation. Our data revealed that ISGylation of MOV10 promotes MOV10 interaction with IFIT3 and enhances IFN-β production/secretion in response to viral stimuli. This process is negatively regulated by USP24, which directly deISGylates MOV10. Our data highlight USP24’s role in modulating ISGylation and IFN-I production, suggesting USP24 as a potential therapeutic agent for infectious and inflammatory diseases.</p>

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USP24 is a cross-reactive DUB targeting MOV10 to regulate IFN-I production

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Rishov Mukhopadhyay,
  • Simeon D. Draganov,
  • Timo Oosenbrug,
  • Jimmy J. L. L. Akkermans,
  • Marjolein Kikkert,
  • Klaus-Peter Knobeloch,
  • Günter Fritz,
  • María Guzmán,
  • Sonia Zuñiga,
  • Robbert Q. Kim,
  • Annemarthe G. van der Veen,
  • Benedikt M. Kessler,
  • Adán Pinto-Fernández,
  • Paul P. Geurink,
  • Aysegul Sapmaz

摘要

The type I Interferon (IFN-I)-induced ubiquitin-like modifier Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against viral infections. ISG15 is conjugated to target proteins by an enzymatic cascade, called ISGylation. While ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) serves as the major deISGylase counteracting ISG15 conjugation, ISG15 cross-reactive deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) have also been reported. Here, we identify USP24 as an ISG15 cross-reactive DUB through activity-based protein profiling. USP24 processes pro-ISG15 and ISG15-linked substrates in vitro, and its depletion increases ISG15 conjugates following interferon stimulation in cells without altering canonical IFN-I signaling. USP24 knockout cells show increased IFN-β and ISG expression upon activation of cytosolic RNA sensing via viral mimicry. Proteomic analysis identifies RNA helicase Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) as a specific target of USP24 for deISGylation. Our data revealed that ISGylation of MOV10 promotes MOV10 interaction with IFIT3 and enhances IFN-β production/secretion in response to viral stimuli. This process is negatively regulated by USP24, which directly deISGylates MOV10. Our data highlight USP24’s role in modulating ISGylation and IFN-I production, suggesting USP24 as a potential therapeutic agent for infectious and inflammatory diseases.