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<p>Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal degenerative disease leading to blindness. RP is characterized by progressive loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to retinal degeneration. The mechanisms that initiate RP and drive retinal vulnerability are poorly understood, and new strategies for preventing and treating RP are urgently needed. Although mitochondrial dysfunction initiates many neurodegenerative diseases, the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to RP is unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing, transmission electron microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that photoreceptor and RPE cells have abnormal mitochondria in rats with RP. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism decreased in rats with RP, increasing the vulnerability to disease-related insults. Similar experimental results were observed in a Mer tyrosine kinase receptor (MERTK)-associated RP primary human RPE cell model. Electroretinography, immunofluorescence, and fundus photography revealed that oral administration of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) protected rats with RP from retinal degeneration. Single-cell RNA sequencing, siRNA targeting, and Adeno-associated virus applications demonstrated that NMN elicits therapeutic effects via the glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase-mitochondria pathway. These results indicate that mitochondrial abnormalities may be drivers of RP, and NMN elicits therapeutic effects on RP.</p>

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NAD+ modulates mitochondrial vulnerability in MERTK-associated models of retinitis pigmentosa

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Lujia Feng,
  • Yuwen Wen,
  • Ting Zhang,
  • Xiaohua Zhuo,
  • Yantao Wei,
  • Lixian Liu,
  • Zhaohao Huang,
  • Guoming Zhang,
  • Lu Chen,
  • Yong Du,
  • Dong Fang,
  • Wangting Li,
  • Linbin Zhou,
  • Ling Zhao,
  • Yingting Zhu,
  • Jia Liang,
  • Zhiquan Li,
  • Xiaojing Song,
  • Caibin Deng,
  • Xingxing Mao,
  • Xiaofeng Hou,
  • Wenru Su,
  • Wei Chi,
  • Yehong Zhuo,
  • Shaochong Zhang

摘要

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal degenerative disease leading to blindness. RP is characterized by progressive loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to retinal degeneration. The mechanisms that initiate RP and drive retinal vulnerability are poorly understood, and new strategies for preventing and treating RP are urgently needed. Although mitochondrial dysfunction initiates many neurodegenerative diseases, the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to RP is unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing, transmission electron microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that photoreceptor and RPE cells have abnormal mitochondria in rats with RP. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism decreased in rats with RP, increasing the vulnerability to disease-related insults. Similar experimental results were observed in a Mer tyrosine kinase receptor (MERTK)-associated RP primary human RPE cell model. Electroretinography, immunofluorescence, and fundus photography revealed that oral administration of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) protected rats with RP from retinal degeneration. Single-cell RNA sequencing, siRNA targeting, and Adeno-associated virus applications demonstrated that NMN elicits therapeutic effects via the glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase-mitochondria pathway. These results indicate that mitochondrial abnormalities may be drivers of RP, and NMN elicits therapeutic effects on RP.