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<p>Nanoscale topological polar textures promise new functionalities for ferroelectric memories and logic, yet their three-dimensional structure and mesoscale organization remain experimentally inaccessible. Here we introduce depth-resolved electron diffraction imaging (DREDI), a fast, non-destructive, method that maps polarization with &lt;50 nm lateral and &lt;10 nm depth sensitivity within fraction of a second. Its high acquisition speed enables the first continuous polarization mapping across six orders of magnitude in length scale, from nanometers to millimeters. Using epitaxial BiFeO<sub>3</sub> films, DREDI reveals a hidden depth evolution of polar textures: surface 71˚ stripes evolve into subsurface flux-closure vortices that bifurcate into three-fold vertices near the bottom interface. Cross-sectional multi-slice electron ptychography and phase-field modeling confirm these buried configurations and attribute them to strain heterogeneity and ferroelastic twinning in the SrRuO<sub>3</sub> electrode. Large-area analysis further shows that vertex-like frustration forms a mesoscale percolating network above a critical length scale of 4 µm. DREDI enables real-time, volumetric studies of buried topological textures in ferroic nanomaterials.</p>

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Revealing buried ferroelectric topologies by depth-resolved electron diffraction imaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Ting-Ran Liu,
  • Koushik Jagadish,
  • Xiangwei Guo,
  • Maya Ramesh,
  • Peter Meisenheimer,
  • Harish Kumarasubramanian,
  • Sajid Husain,
  • Ann V. Ngo,
  • Amir Avishai,
  • Jayakanth Ravichandran,
  • Darrell G. Schlom,
  • Ramamoorthy Ramesh,
  • Yu-Tsun Shao

摘要

Nanoscale topological polar textures promise new functionalities for ferroelectric memories and logic, yet their three-dimensional structure and mesoscale organization remain experimentally inaccessible. Here we introduce depth-resolved electron diffraction imaging (DREDI), a fast, non-destructive, method that maps polarization with <50 nm lateral and <10 nm depth sensitivity within fraction of a second. Its high acquisition speed enables the first continuous polarization mapping across six orders of magnitude in length scale, from nanometers to millimeters. Using epitaxial BiFeO3 films, DREDI reveals a hidden depth evolution of polar textures: surface 71˚ stripes evolve into subsurface flux-closure vortices that bifurcate into three-fold vertices near the bottom interface. Cross-sectional multi-slice electron ptychography and phase-field modeling confirm these buried configurations and attribute them to strain heterogeneity and ferroelastic twinning in the SrRuO3 electrode. Large-area analysis further shows that vertex-like frustration forms a mesoscale percolating network above a critical length scale of 4 µm. DREDI enables real-time, volumetric studies of buried topological textures in ferroic nanomaterials.