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<p>Thrombosis in tortuous vessels causes blockages and pathological conditions. Current thrombolytics are inefficient, and mechanical thrombectomies lack adaptability, hindering thrombus clearance in complex geometries. Here, we propose a 4D reconfigurable vascular tunneling machine (VTM) capable of synchronous rotation and elongation, mimicking teredo locomotion. The VTM operates via the reversible nematic-to-isotropic phase transition of liquid crystal elastomers, triggered by the reorientation of liquid crystal mesogens during a coupled contraction-torsion motion. Functionalized with magnetic liquid metals, the VTM achieves remote reconfiguration within 20 s via induction heating, with a temperature rise of only 1.1 °C and uniform heat dissipation. This rapid and safe thermal response facilitates the adaptive locomotion of the VTM within a cerebral artery model. Comprehensive biocompatibility evaluation confirms that the VTM exhibits no cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility, and the VTM achieves the disruption of thrombus simulants across a stiffness range of 1 kPa to 1 MPa and sample retrieval up to 7.13 mm³. These demonstrations establish the VTM as a promising proof-of-concept platform, highlighting the potential for future development toward thrombus interventions and for operation as an adaptive soft robot in constrained environments.</p>

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Four-dimensional reconfigurable vascular tunneling machine of spatially programmed liquid crystal elastomers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Yi Li,
  • Yuan Gao,
  • Yifei Li,
  • Naiyu Guan,
  • Zizheng Wang,
  • Yongyu Lu,
  • Weiqiang Hong,
  • Chuchao Wang,
  • Zeshi Yang,
  • Ran Yang,
  • Jingran Wang,
  • Tao Li,
  • Shize Sun,
  • Lei Zhang,
  • Jining Sun,
  • Xu Guo,
  • Zhaoqian Xie,
  • Yuchen Cai,
  • Dan Ge,
  • Mengxi Wu,
  • Junshan Liu

摘要

Thrombosis in tortuous vessels causes blockages and pathological conditions. Current thrombolytics are inefficient, and mechanical thrombectomies lack adaptability, hindering thrombus clearance in complex geometries. Here, we propose a 4D reconfigurable vascular tunneling machine (VTM) capable of synchronous rotation and elongation, mimicking teredo locomotion. The VTM operates via the reversible nematic-to-isotropic phase transition of liquid crystal elastomers, triggered by the reorientation of liquid crystal mesogens during a coupled contraction-torsion motion. Functionalized with magnetic liquid metals, the VTM achieves remote reconfiguration within 20 s via induction heating, with a temperature rise of only 1.1 °C and uniform heat dissipation. This rapid and safe thermal response facilitates the adaptive locomotion of the VTM within a cerebral artery model. Comprehensive biocompatibility evaluation confirms that the VTM exhibits no cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility, and the VTM achieves the disruption of thrombus simulants across a stiffness range of 1 kPa to 1 MPa and sample retrieval up to 7.13 mm³. These demonstrations establish the VTM as a promising proof-of-concept platform, highlighting the potential for future development toward thrombus interventions and for operation as an adaptive soft robot in constrained environments.