Scholarlink

<p>Achromatic metalenses capable of full-color imaging are essential for compact near-eye displays, yet their practical realization remains challenging by trade-offs among wavelength multiplexing, focusing efficiency, fabrication complexity, and scalability. We address these challenges with a fabrication-constrained inverse design framework that uses a discrete 3D meta-atom library. Each radial pixel selects a manufacturable cylinder from the library using a Gumbel-Softmax estimator, enabling gradient updates. We optimize focusing efficiency, maximizing it while maintaining uniform efficiency across RGB wavelengths. Leveraging two-photon lithography to independently control pillar height and diameter, the designed 3D RGB achromatic metalens achieves ~33% focusing efficiency at the design wavelengths using low-index structures. To improve scalability, a conformal SiO<sub>2</sub> atomic protection layer deposited by low-damage plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition enables reliable nanoimprint lithography while preserving structural fidelity. The resulting metalenses exhibit diffraction-limited performance and are integrated with an OLED panel to demonstrate a compact, full-color near-eye virtual reality system without chromatic aberration.</p>

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Differentiable library-based inverse design of achromatic metalens for full-color near-eye displays

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Youngsun Jeon,
  • Cherry Park,
  • Shiqi Hu,
  • Junhwa Seong,
  • Seokwoo Kim,
  • Jaekyung Kim,
  • Sangwon Lee,
  • Jihwan An,
  • Junsuk Rho

摘要

Achromatic metalenses capable of full-color imaging are essential for compact near-eye displays, yet their practical realization remains challenging by trade-offs among wavelength multiplexing, focusing efficiency, fabrication complexity, and scalability. We address these challenges with a fabrication-constrained inverse design framework that uses a discrete 3D meta-atom library. Each radial pixel selects a manufacturable cylinder from the library using a Gumbel-Softmax estimator, enabling gradient updates. We optimize focusing efficiency, maximizing it while maintaining uniform efficiency across RGB wavelengths. Leveraging two-photon lithography to independently control pillar height and diameter, the designed 3D RGB achromatic metalens achieves ~33% focusing efficiency at the design wavelengths using low-index structures. To improve scalability, a conformal SiO2 atomic protection layer deposited by low-damage plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition enables reliable nanoimprint lithography while preserving structural fidelity. The resulting metalenses exhibit diffraction-limited performance and are integrated with an OLED panel to demonstrate a compact, full-color near-eye virtual reality system without chromatic aberration.