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<p>Accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) encompass diverse <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements (CREs) crucial for gene regulation, but their variations from parents to hybrids and their contribution to heterosis remain poorly understood. Here, using MNase hypersensitivity sequencing (MH-seq) across the maize B73–Mo17 pan-genome, we analyze chromatin accessibility in inbreds and their hybrids. Approximately 81% of ACRs are syntenic in parents, while ~20% show parent-specific accessibility driven by motif divergence. Chromatin accessibility is more stably inherited than transcriptomic profiles, yet ~3.5% of ACRs exhibit non-additive inheritance in hybrid. Among these, transgressively up-regulated ACRs are evolutionarily constrained, enhanced for chromatin modifications and interactions, and localized within enhancers and CRE-clusters serving as regulatory hubs, regulating complex traits including photoperiod and metabolite levels. Overexpression of a candidate rhamnosyl transferase gene under hybrid chromatin context increases plant height, suggesting a potential contribution to heterosis. Our study provides an insightful perspective on the role of chromatin accessibility in driving heterosis.</p>

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Chromatin accessibility landscape and its association with heterosis in maize hybrids

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Yumin Huang,
  • Kande Lin,
  • Wei Huang,
  • Hainan Zhao,
  • Fengkun Sun,
  • Jingyan Liu,
  • Yilong Gong,
  • Ruilin Xia,
  • Xiaoming Zhao,
  • Jiming Jiang,
  • Wenli Zhang,
  • Weiwei Jin,
  • Zhaobin Dong

摘要

Accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) encompass diverse cis-regulatory elements (CREs) crucial for gene regulation, but their variations from parents to hybrids and their contribution to heterosis remain poorly understood. Here, using MNase hypersensitivity sequencing (MH-seq) across the maize B73–Mo17 pan-genome, we analyze chromatin accessibility in inbreds and their hybrids. Approximately 81% of ACRs are syntenic in parents, while ~20% show parent-specific accessibility driven by motif divergence. Chromatin accessibility is more stably inherited than transcriptomic profiles, yet ~3.5% of ACRs exhibit non-additive inheritance in hybrid. Among these, transgressively up-regulated ACRs are evolutionarily constrained, enhanced for chromatin modifications and interactions, and localized within enhancers and CRE-clusters serving as regulatory hubs, regulating complex traits including photoperiod and metabolite levels. Overexpression of a candidate rhamnosyl transferase gene under hybrid chromatin context increases plant height, suggesting a potential contribution to heterosis. Our study provides an insightful perspective on the role of chromatin accessibility in driving heterosis.