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<p>2024 is the hottest year on record, accompanied by extreme precipitation, droughts and fires. The global atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate in 2024 reached a historic high of 3.73 ppm yr<sup>-1</sup>, significantly surpassing the previous record set during the 2015/16 El Niño event. Here, we investigate the causes and underlying mechanisms of this record-high growth rate by combining satellite-based atmospheric inversions and estimates of gross primary production and fire emissions. We find that the record-high CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate is due to large reductions in the land CO<sub>2</sub> sink. This is dominated by a dramatic increase in total ecosystem respiration, which occurred primarily in grass and shrub lands, owing to compound hot-wet climatic conditions in 2024. Given the projected increase in the frequency and intensity of compound pluvial-hot extremes under warming, changes in ecosystem respiration will become more drastic and cause positive feedback to climate warming.</p>

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Dramatic increase in ecosystem respiration causes record-breaking atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2024

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Guanyu Dong,
  • Fei Jiang,
  • Weimin Ju,
  • Josep Peñuelas,
  • Philippe Ciais,
  • Yongguang Zhang,
  • Jingfeng Xiao,
  • Xuhui Wang,
  • Wenping Yuan,
  • Yuanyuan Huang,
  • Chao Yue,
  • Liangyun Liu,
  • Xing Li,
  • Lei Fan,
  • Guido R. van der Werf,
  • Mousong Wu,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Yanlian Zhou,
  • Jiaqi Tian,
  • Hengmao Wang,
  • Wei He,
  • Lingyu Zhang,
  • Guoyuan Lv,
  • Yuanyuan Zhang,
  • Jing M. Chen

摘要

2024 is the hottest year on record, accompanied by extreme precipitation, droughts and fires. The global atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2024 reached a historic high of 3.73 ppm yr-1, significantly surpassing the previous record set during the 2015/16 El Niño event. Here, we investigate the causes and underlying mechanisms of this record-high growth rate by combining satellite-based atmospheric inversions and estimates of gross primary production and fire emissions. We find that the record-high CO2 growth rate is due to large reductions in the land CO2 sink. This is dominated by a dramatic increase in total ecosystem respiration, which occurred primarily in grass and shrub lands, owing to compound hot-wet climatic conditions in 2024. Given the projected increase in the frequency and intensity of compound pluvial-hot extremes under warming, changes in ecosystem respiration will become more drastic and cause positive feedback to climate warming.