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<p>To over-top the neighbors, shade-intolerant plants trigger shade avoidance responses with increasing the elongation of stem-like organs at the expense of leaf development. Shade-induced elongation growth has been extensively studied, while the regulatory mechanisms underlying shade-suppressed leaf development remain poorly understood. Here we find sucrose can rescue shade-inhibited leaf development, which requires the functions of phytochrome A (phyA) and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) complex. We confirm an interaction between PHYA and LETHAL WITH SEC THIRTEEN 8 (LST8), a component of TOR complex. Shade and phyA affect TOR activity, in turn TOR affects the protein stability of PHYA. The sucrose–TOR mediated accumulation of PHYA requires CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1)/SUPPRESSOR OF <i>PHYA-105</i> (SPA) complex. Transcriptome analysis further reveals that sucrose and phyA regulate the expression of leaf development-related genes under shade, particularly those involved in cytokinin metabolism. Our work uncovers a critical role for TOR and PHYA in linking light signaling with cellular energy status, a mechanism that fine-tunes leaf development specifically under shade conditions.</p>

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Sucrose-activated TOR and phyA signaling alleviates shade-mediated inhibition of leaf development in Arabidopsis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Jiayu Wang,
  • Fengquan Li,
  • Caiyi Lu,
  • Lin Li

摘要

To over-top the neighbors, shade-intolerant plants trigger shade avoidance responses with increasing the elongation of stem-like organs at the expense of leaf development. Shade-induced elongation growth has been extensively studied, while the regulatory mechanisms underlying shade-suppressed leaf development remain poorly understood. Here we find sucrose can rescue shade-inhibited leaf development, which requires the functions of phytochrome A (phyA) and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) complex. We confirm an interaction between PHYA and LETHAL WITH SEC THIRTEEN 8 (LST8), a component of TOR complex. Shade and phyA affect TOR activity, in turn TOR affects the protein stability of PHYA. The sucrose–TOR mediated accumulation of PHYA requires CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1)/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) complex. Transcriptome analysis further reveals that sucrose and phyA regulate the expression of leaf development-related genes under shade, particularly those involved in cytokinin metabolism. Our work uncovers a critical role for TOR and PHYA in linking light signaling with cellular energy status, a mechanism that fine-tunes leaf development specifically under shade conditions.