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<p>Immunotherapy has seen success in treating patients with cancer, but variable responses underscore the need for effective patient stratification and therapy planning. Computational tools integrating multi-omics, imaging and machine learning have advanced, yet reliable personalized predictions remain challenging. This review analyzes the field through four converging paradigms: classical machine learning, deep learning, graph and network modeling, and mechanistic systems biology. We examine the evolution from correlational features to representation learning, relational inference, and causal simulation of tumor-immune dynamics, highlighting the shift towards multi-modal fusion and interpretable, clinically deployable models. By providing an integrated review of these computational tools, we hope to bring the community closer to achieving precision immuno-oncology for personalized cancer treatments.</p>

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Decoding immunotherapy response through computational modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Bingrui Li,
  • Ruihan Luo,
  • Kexin Huang,
  • Jiajia Liu,
  • Weiling Zhao,
  • Xiaobo Zhou

摘要

Immunotherapy has seen success in treating patients with cancer, but variable responses underscore the need for effective patient stratification and therapy planning. Computational tools integrating multi-omics, imaging and machine learning have advanced, yet reliable personalized predictions remain challenging. This review analyzes the field through four converging paradigms: classical machine learning, deep learning, graph and network modeling, and mechanistic systems biology. We examine the evolution from correlational features to representation learning, relational inference, and causal simulation of tumor-immune dynamics, highlighting the shift towards multi-modal fusion and interpretable, clinically deployable models. By providing an integrated review of these computational tools, we hope to bring the community closer to achieving precision immuno-oncology for personalized cancer treatments.