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<p>Strain-induced signal interference is a critical challenge limiting the reliability and functionality of electronic textiles in real-world, deformable environments. Mechanical deformation during motion or wear can distort signal fidelity, compromise sensing accuracy, and disrupt energy or data transmission—hindering the advancement of smart, adaptive wearables. Here, we introduce a strain-programmable fiber platform that turns mechanical strain from a liability into a tunable design feature. By embedding liquid metal (LM) particles within a polyurethane elastomer via coaxial wet spinning, we create composite fibers whose electromechanical responses can be precisely programmed—through pre-strain and composition—to exhibit negative, hybrid, or positive strain–resistance behaviors. This tunability arises from strain-induced LM particle reconfiguration, driven by a balance of geometric deformation and conductive network evolution, and captured through a hybrid parallel–series model. Leveraging this functionality, we demonstrate bidirectional strain sensors with polarity-based digital encoding and strain-invariant circuits for robust energy harvesting, wireless communication and thermal management. This programmable approach offers a scalable, material-level solution to strain interference, enabling high-performance, multifunctional e-textiles for next-generation wearable electronics.</p>

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Strain-programmable liquid metal fibers for anti-interference electronic textiles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Xiangyang Qu,
  • Wenshang Guo,
  • Zixuan Zhu,
  • Shiyan Chen,
  • Shiyang Tang,
  • Yiliang Lin

摘要

Strain-induced signal interference is a critical challenge limiting the reliability and functionality of electronic textiles in real-world, deformable environments. Mechanical deformation during motion or wear can distort signal fidelity, compromise sensing accuracy, and disrupt energy or data transmission—hindering the advancement of smart, adaptive wearables. Here, we introduce a strain-programmable fiber platform that turns mechanical strain from a liability into a tunable design feature. By embedding liquid metal (LM) particles within a polyurethane elastomer via coaxial wet spinning, we create composite fibers whose electromechanical responses can be precisely programmed—through pre-strain and composition—to exhibit negative, hybrid, or positive strain–resistance behaviors. This tunability arises from strain-induced LM particle reconfiguration, driven by a balance of geometric deformation and conductive network evolution, and captured through a hybrid parallel–series model. Leveraging this functionality, we demonstrate bidirectional strain sensors with polarity-based digital encoding and strain-invariant circuits for robust energy harvesting, wireless communication and thermal management. This programmable approach offers a scalable, material-level solution to strain interference, enabling high-performance, multifunctional e-textiles for next-generation wearable electronics.