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<p>Plant cell morphogenesis relies on the mechanical properties of the primary cell wall, yet it remains unclear which components predominantly regulate wall extensibility. Cotton fibers, highly elongated single cells, offer a unique system to investigate polarized cell expansion. Here, by combining atomic force microscopy and cellulose labeling, we find a basipetal gradient of cellulose microfibril density from the apex to the shank that underlies cell wall heterogeneity and directed cotton fiber elongation. Live-cell imaging shows that cellulose synthase complexes accumulate more densely toward the shank, which is guided by specific microtubule organization and is supported by genetic disruption and microtubule perturbation. A mechanical model further demonstrates that a cellulose gradient is sufficient to reshape axial strain for directional growth. Collectively, our findings provide single-cell evidence for a cellulose-dependent mechanism of directional growth, expanding our understanding of primary cell wall extensibility in plant morphogenesis and offering potential strategies to improve cotton fiber quality.</p>

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Differential cellulose distribution drives polarized growth of cotton fibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Guangda Wang,
  • Jie Wang,
  • Huanhuan Yang,
  • Jingxia Wu,
  • Yanjun Yu,
  • Xiaxia Zhang,
  • Juan Tian,
  • Yinping Ma,
  • Gui-xian Xia,
  • Yongbiao Xue,
  • Staffan Persson,
  • Lvwen Zhou,
  • Zhaosheng Kong

摘要

Plant cell morphogenesis relies on the mechanical properties of the primary cell wall, yet it remains unclear which components predominantly regulate wall extensibility. Cotton fibers, highly elongated single cells, offer a unique system to investigate polarized cell expansion. Here, by combining atomic force microscopy and cellulose labeling, we find a basipetal gradient of cellulose microfibril density from the apex to the shank that underlies cell wall heterogeneity and directed cotton fiber elongation. Live-cell imaging shows that cellulose synthase complexes accumulate more densely toward the shank, which is guided by specific microtubule organization and is supported by genetic disruption and microtubule perturbation. A mechanical model further demonstrates that a cellulose gradient is sufficient to reshape axial strain for directional growth. Collectively, our findings provide single-cell evidence for a cellulose-dependent mechanism of directional growth, expanding our understanding of primary cell wall extensibility in plant morphogenesis and offering potential strategies to improve cotton fiber quality.