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<p>Angular momentum removal is a fundamental requirement for star and planet formation, yet the mechanisms driving this process remain debated. Magnetohydrodynamic disk winds, launched along magnetic field lines from extended disk regions, offer a promising solution, particularly in regions where magnetorotational turbulence is weak. Here we present high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the Class 0 protostar HOPS 358, revealing a rotating, nested outflow structure traced by H<sub>2</sub>CO, SO, and CH<sub>3</sub>OH emission. The outflow preserves the disk’s rotational sense and is aligned with the disk axis, providing direct observational evidence for a magnetically launched disk wind. From the measured kinematics, we derive a dimensionless magnetic lever arm of approximately 2.3 and constrain the wind-launching region to radii of 10-18 astronomical units within the planet-forming zone. These results demonstrate that magnetohydrodynamic disk winds operate during the deeply embedded phase, efficiently extracting angular momentum while shaping disk evolution and establishing initial conditions for planet formation.</p>

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Direct evidence for magnetohydrodynamic disk winds driving rotating outflows in protostar HOPS 358

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Chul-Hwan Kim,
  • Jeong-Eun Lee,
  • Doug Johnstone,
  • Gregory J. Herczeg,
  • Chin-Fei Lee,
  • Logan Francis,
  • Patrick D. Sheehan

摘要

Angular momentum removal is a fundamental requirement for star and planet formation, yet the mechanisms driving this process remain debated. Magnetohydrodynamic disk winds, launched along magnetic field lines from extended disk regions, offer a promising solution, particularly in regions where magnetorotational turbulence is weak. Here we present high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the Class 0 protostar HOPS 358, revealing a rotating, nested outflow structure traced by H2CO, SO, and CH3OH emission. The outflow preserves the disk’s rotational sense and is aligned with the disk axis, providing direct observational evidence for a magnetically launched disk wind. From the measured kinematics, we derive a dimensionless magnetic lever arm of approximately 2.3 and constrain the wind-launching region to radii of 10-18 astronomical units within the planet-forming zone. These results demonstrate that magnetohydrodynamic disk winds operate during the deeply embedded phase, efficiently extracting angular momentum while shaping disk evolution and establishing initial conditions for planet formation.