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<p>This work presents a holistic integration of environmental sustainability and enhanced sensing performance throughout the full lifecycle of magnetoresistive sensors. Utilizing industry-scale screen-printing techniques combined with eco-friendly inks (formulated from engineered Fe/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> core-shell magnetic microparticles, bioderived polymeric binders, and water solvent), the fabrication process avoids harsh treatments and hazardous chemicals. The resulting sensors, constructed entirely from naturally sourced materials, inherently exhibit biocompatibility, biodegradability, and environmentally benign recyclability. These properties collectively demonstrate key attributes for a sustainable life cycle. Through rational engineering of the Fe/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> core-shell structure particles, two synergistic mechanisms are activated within the composite: spin-dependent hopping across Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> shell grain boundaries and in situ magnetic flux concentration induced by Fe cores, thereby yielding an order-of-magnitude enhancement in low-field sensitivity relative to sputtered Fe film and printed Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particle-based counterparts, resulting in a higher magnetoresistance ratio at 10 mT relative to all printed magnetoresistive sensors reported previously. The convergence of eco-sustainability and high performance enables previously unattainable disposable magnetoelectronics, unlocking new opportunities for environmentally responsible and user-safe transient electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.</p>

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Eco-sustainable magnetoresistive sensors towards disposable magnetoelectronics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Lin Guo,
  • Rui Xu,
  • Proloy Taran Das,
  • Eduardo Sergio Oliveros-Mata,
  • Xuan Peng,
  • Oleksandr V. Pylypovskyi,
  • René Hübner,
  • Fabian Ganss,
  • Xiaotao Wang,
  • Yi Li,
  • Sebastian Gepp,
  • Yevhen Zabila,
  • Xilai Bao,
  • Shengbin Li,
  • Qihao Zhang,
  • Igor Veremchuk,
  • Željko Janićijević,
  • Larysa Baraban,
  • Clemens Voigt,
  • Sindy Mosch,
  • Oliver Gutfleisch,
  • Run-Wei Li,
  • Denys Makarov

摘要

This work presents a holistic integration of environmental sustainability and enhanced sensing performance throughout the full lifecycle of magnetoresistive sensors. Utilizing industry-scale screen-printing techniques combined with eco-friendly inks (formulated from engineered Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell magnetic microparticles, bioderived polymeric binders, and water solvent), the fabrication process avoids harsh treatments and hazardous chemicals. The resulting sensors, constructed entirely from naturally sourced materials, inherently exhibit biocompatibility, biodegradability, and environmentally benign recyclability. These properties collectively demonstrate key attributes for a sustainable life cycle. Through rational engineering of the Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell structure particles, two synergistic mechanisms are activated within the composite: spin-dependent hopping across Fe3O4 shell grain boundaries and in situ magnetic flux concentration induced by Fe cores, thereby yielding an order-of-magnitude enhancement in low-field sensitivity relative to sputtered Fe film and printed Fe3O4 particle-based counterparts, resulting in a higher magnetoresistance ratio at 10 mT relative to all printed magnetoresistive sensors reported previously. The convergence of eco-sustainability and high performance enables previously unattainable disposable magnetoelectronics, unlocking new opportunities for environmentally responsible and user-safe transient electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.