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<p>Hydrophobic skins on fruits play a crucial role in preventing dehydration and shielding against environmental stress. Inspired by this natural structure, hydrophobic encapsulation is widely employed to preserve the functionality and long-term stability of hydrogels. However, instability at the interface between hydrophobic shell and hydrogel remains a critical challenge. Here, we present a hydrogel encapsulation strategy to stabilize the incompatible interface using a concept of liquid marble, where liquid droplet is covered with hydrophobic particles. A uniform nonpolar liquid layer is first formed on the hydrogel surface through interfacial bridges with hydrophobic particles. A secondary hydrophobic particle layer is then deposited onto this liquid layer to prevent leakage, yielding a multi-layered marble (MLM) structure. This MLM-encapsulation is highly versatile, accommodating various hydrogels, liquids, and structural configurations. By maintaining hydrogel performance and functionality across diverse applications, MLM-encapsulation provides a universal and robust solution for overcoming the long-standing interfacial instability problem.</p>

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Multi-layered marble for hydrogel encapsulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Hyeonjin Kim,
  • Se Youn Jang,
  • Ji Eun Lee,
  • Jin Yoo,
  • Syuji Fujii,
  • Jongkuk Ko,
  • Sanghyuk Wooh

摘要

Hydrophobic skins on fruits play a crucial role in preventing dehydration and shielding against environmental stress. Inspired by this natural structure, hydrophobic encapsulation is widely employed to preserve the functionality and long-term stability of hydrogels. However, instability at the interface between hydrophobic shell and hydrogel remains a critical challenge. Here, we present a hydrogel encapsulation strategy to stabilize the incompatible interface using a concept of liquid marble, where liquid droplet is covered with hydrophobic particles. A uniform nonpolar liquid layer is first formed on the hydrogel surface through interfacial bridges with hydrophobic particles. A secondary hydrophobic particle layer is then deposited onto this liquid layer to prevent leakage, yielding a multi-layered marble (MLM) structure. This MLM-encapsulation is highly versatile, accommodating various hydrogels, liquids, and structural configurations. By maintaining hydrogel performance and functionality across diverse applications, MLM-encapsulation provides a universal and robust solution for overcoming the long-standing interfacial instability problem.