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<p>Although desert dust is the most abundant atmospheric aerosol by mass, its longwave radiative effects remain unclear, obscuring the impacts of dust on weather and climate. Here, using a data-driven analytical model constrained by observations, we show that scattering and absorption of longwave radiation by dust heats the planet by +0.25 ± 0.06 W m⁻² (90% confidence). This is nearly twice the value simulated by current climate models, which omit longwave scattering and underrepresent super coarse dust (diameter &gt; 10 μm). These omissions bias modeled surface energy fluxes, cloud responses, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation. At the global scale, the sign and magnitude of the net dust direct radiative effect remain uncertain, with additional work needed to constrain shortwave cooling effects. These findings show that improving the representation of dust interactions with longwave radiation can improve weather forecasting and is essential to resolve the role of dust in climate change.</p>

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Desert dust exerts twice the longwave radiative heating estimated by climate models

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Jasper F. Kok,
  • Ashok K. Gupta,
  • Amato T. Evan,
  • Carlos Pérez García-Pando,
  • Longlei Li,
  • Adeyemi A. Adebiyi,
  • Samuel Albani,
  • Yves Balkanski,
  • Ramiro Checa-Garcia,
  • Peter R. Colarco,
  • Douglas S. Hamilton,
  • Yue Huang,
  • Akinori Ito,
  • Martina Klose,
  • Natalie M. Mahowald,
  • Ron L. Miller,
  • Vincenzo Obiso,
  • Adriana Rocha Lima,
  • Jessica Wan

摘要

Although desert dust is the most abundant atmospheric aerosol by mass, its longwave radiative effects remain unclear, obscuring the impacts of dust on weather and climate. Here, using a data-driven analytical model constrained by observations, we show that scattering and absorption of longwave radiation by dust heats the planet by +0.25 ± 0.06 W m⁻² (90% confidence). This is nearly twice the value simulated by current climate models, which omit longwave scattering and underrepresent super coarse dust (diameter > 10 μm). These omissions bias modeled surface energy fluxes, cloud responses, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation. At the global scale, the sign and magnitude of the net dust direct radiative effect remain uncertain, with additional work needed to constrain shortwave cooling effects. These findings show that improving the representation of dust interactions with longwave radiation can improve weather forecasting and is essential to resolve the role of dust in climate change.