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<p>Achieving long-term stability remains a major challenge in photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. Unlike natural photosynthesis, most artificial systems exhibit severe activity losses within hours due to catalyst deactivation and surface degradation. This study investigates the effect of continuous CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O flow during the photocatalytic process. Under optimized flow conditions, widely used photocatalysts such as TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, CdS, and C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> show up to 50-fold improvement in operational stability, with TiO<sub>2</sub> retaining 80% of its initial activity over 15 days. CO<sub>2</sub> flow plays a more dominant role than H<sub>2</sub>O flow, mitigating product accumulation and preventing catalyst deactivation. Surface and structural analyses reveal that systems without flows suffer from product and intermediate accumulation, while flow-enabled systems maintain clean catalytic surfaces. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the suppression of structural degradation under flow. Here, we establish flow control as a design principle for durable photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, providing a pathway for scalable solar-to-chemical energy conversion.</p>

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Significant stability enhancement in photocatalytic CO2 reduction via flow-driven strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Hyunju Jung,
  • Hyo Sang Jeon,
  • Min Gyu Kim,
  • Aqil Jamal,
  • Issam Gereige,
  • Chansol Kim,
  • Hee-Tae Jung

摘要

Achieving long-term stability remains a major challenge in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Unlike natural photosynthesis, most artificial systems exhibit severe activity losses within hours due to catalyst deactivation and surface degradation. This study investigates the effect of continuous CO2 and H2O flow during the photocatalytic process. Under optimized flow conditions, widely used photocatalysts such as TiO2, ZnO, CdS, and C3N4 show up to 50-fold improvement in operational stability, with TiO2 retaining 80% of its initial activity over 15 days. CO2 flow plays a more dominant role than H2O flow, mitigating product accumulation and preventing catalyst deactivation. Surface and structural analyses reveal that systems without flows suffer from product and intermediate accumulation, while flow-enabled systems maintain clean catalytic surfaces. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the suppression of structural degradation under flow. Here, we establish flow control as a design principle for durable photocatalytic CO2 reduction, providing a pathway for scalable solar-to-chemical energy conversion.