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<p>Soft actuators have garnered widespread attention due to their distributed actuation and high error tolerance. However, fabricating biomimetic actuators with small-size, simple structure, low energy consumption, and multifunctionality remains challenging. Here, we present a monolayer nanocomposite achieved by incorporating polymer dots into a polyvinylidene fluoride terpolymer. Through interfacial hydrogen bonding and temperature modulation, a gradient distribution of highly polarized regions is achieved within the nanocomposite. This yields ultrahigh electromechanical performance, with an actuation strain of 14.4% and an output mechanical energy density of 1.92 J cm<sup>−</sup>³ at 100 MV m<sup>−</sup>¹. Multifunctional soft actuators are formed from this nanocomposite, weighing only 50 mg, and can skillfully imitate both caterpillar crawling and butterfly flight, unlocking the potential for multimodal locomotion. This insect-sized bionic actuator consumes a mere 3-8 mW. The combination of simple architecture and low energy consumption may pave the way for future development of truly bionic soft robots.</p>

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Biomimetic actuator crafted from a relaxor ferroelectric polymer nanocomposite

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Hui Chi,
  • Peijia Bai,
  • Zhengxue Zhou,
  • Guangfa Wang,
  • Wenhan Xu,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Hao Qin,
  • Xinru Wang,
  • Yunhe Zhang,
  • Rujun Ma

摘要

Soft actuators have garnered widespread attention due to their distributed actuation and high error tolerance. However, fabricating biomimetic actuators with small-size, simple structure, low energy consumption, and multifunctionality remains challenging. Here, we present a monolayer nanocomposite achieved by incorporating polymer dots into a polyvinylidene fluoride terpolymer. Through interfacial hydrogen bonding and temperature modulation, a gradient distribution of highly polarized regions is achieved within the nanocomposite. This yields ultrahigh electromechanical performance, with an actuation strain of 14.4% and an output mechanical energy density of 1.92 J cm−³ at 100 MV m−¹. Multifunctional soft actuators are formed from this nanocomposite, weighing only 50 mg, and can skillfully imitate both caterpillar crawling and butterfly flight, unlocking the potential for multimodal locomotion. This insect-sized bionic actuator consumes a mere 3-8 mW. The combination of simple architecture and low energy consumption may pave the way for future development of truly bionic soft robots.