<p>Oral tolerance represents a hallmark of intestinal mucosal immunity to prevent inflammatory responses to harmless natural antigens, such as dietary components or commensal organisms. According to recent studies, RORγt<sup>+</sup> antigen-presenting cell (APC) contributes to intestinal homeostasis, including oral tolerance, through inducing microbiota- and dietary antigen-specific Tregs. Here we identify a cis transcriptional regulatory element that distinguishes RORγt<sup>+</sup> APCs from other of RORγt<sup>+</sup> cell types. This sequence within <i>Rorc</i> gene loci, OCR369 governs RORγt expression in ILC3s and other RORγt<sup>+</sup> APCs, but not T cells, through interaction with RUNX3 and formation of chromatin loops. OCR369 deletion results in a significant reduction of RORγt<sup>+</sup> APCs in mLN around the weaning period and ILC3s in mLN and intestines of adult mice, accompanied by a decrease in RORγt<sup>+</sup> Tregs and spontaneous inflammation in the small intestine. Mechanistically, the reduction in RORγt<sup>+</sup> APCs, including both DC-like cells and MHCII<sup>+</sup> ILC3s, impairs the development of both dietary&#xa0;antigen-specific and microbiota-specific RORγt<sup>+</sup> Tregs and results in the loss of oral tolerance, thereby increasing allergy susceptibility. Thus, our findings identify a specific regulatory mechanism for RORγt expression in RORγt<sup>+</sup> APCs and underscore the pivotal role of these cell types in mediating oral tolerance and maintaining intestinal health.</p>

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RORγt+ APCs require a distinct cis-regulatory element to instruct tolerance to dietary antigens

  • Jie Zhao,
  • Jiacheng Hao,
  • Jincheng Chen,
  • Mengze Lyu,
  • Haoyu Liu,
  • Na Li,
  • Panwei Song,
  • Wenyan Wang,
  • Coco Chu,
  • Gregory F. Sonnenberg,
  • Xiaohuan Guo

摘要

Oral tolerance represents a hallmark of intestinal mucosal immunity to prevent inflammatory responses to harmless natural antigens, such as dietary components or commensal organisms. According to recent studies, RORγt+ antigen-presenting cell (APC) contributes to intestinal homeostasis, including oral tolerance, through inducing microbiota- and dietary antigen-specific Tregs. Here we identify a cis transcriptional regulatory element that distinguishes RORγt+ APCs from other of RORγt+ cell types. This sequence within Rorc gene loci, OCR369 governs RORγt expression in ILC3s and other RORγt+ APCs, but not T cells, through interaction with RUNX3 and formation of chromatin loops. OCR369 deletion results in a significant reduction of RORγt+ APCs in mLN around the weaning period and ILC3s in mLN and intestines of adult mice, accompanied by a decrease in RORγt+ Tregs and spontaneous inflammation in the small intestine. Mechanistically, the reduction in RORγt+ APCs, including both DC-like cells and MHCII+ ILC3s, impairs the development of both dietary antigen-specific and microbiota-specific RORγt+ Tregs and results in the loss of oral tolerance, thereby increasing allergy susceptibility. Thus, our findings identify a specific regulatory mechanism for RORγt expression in RORγt+ APCs and underscore the pivotal role of these cell types in mediating oral tolerance and maintaining intestinal health.