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<p>Co-upcycling plastics with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers a promising high-value approach; however, it is hindered by the challenge of poisoning metal catalysts by carbon deposition and the uncontrollable particle growth. Here, we propose a co-upcycling strategy to convert spent LiNi<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>y</sub>Mn<sub>1-x-y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM) and binary plastics—polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and other plastics—into NiCoMnO<sub>x</sub>/CNTs composites (or materials) for microwave absorption. During the pyrolysis, the generated pyrolysis gas reduces the NCM to NiCoMnO<sub>x</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and the NiCoMnO<sub>x</sub> catalyzes the decomposition of pyrolysis gas to generate CNTs. Importantly, Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> suppresses the growth of NiCo particles to below 100 nm and PET as both an etching agent and a carbon source, achieving a carbon conversion rate of 33% while preventing NiCoMnO<sub>x</sub> poisoning. After heat treatment at 800 °C, the resulting material exhibits favorable microwave absorption with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL &lt;−10 dB) of 7.01 GHz at 2.41 mm. Life cycle analysis (LCA) shows that this strategy has obvious environmental benefits. Overall, PET is a general enabler to prepare (Ni<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>y</sub>)MnO/CNTs microwave-absorbing materials harnessing carbon from binary plastics and critical metals from battery materials, providing a sustainable solution for upcycling spent LIBs and plastic wastes.</p>

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Co-upcycling spent lithium-ion batteries and plastics into microwave absorbing materials with Ni-Co catalyst control

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Baolong Qiu,
  • Yuanzhao Hou,
  • Zhan Shi,
  • Pin Du,
  • Nuo Xu,
  • Hongwei Xie,
  • Kuiren Liu,
  • Jianshe Chen,
  • Binchuan Li,
  • Qing Han,
  • Dihua Wang,
  • Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee,
  • Mengjie Liu,
  • Daxue Fu,
  • Huayi Yin

摘要

Co-upcycling plastics with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers a promising high-value approach; however, it is hindered by the challenge of poisoning metal catalysts by carbon deposition and the uncontrollable particle growth. Here, we propose a co-upcycling strategy to convert spent LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) and binary plastics—polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and other plastics—into NiCoMnOx/CNTs composites (or materials) for microwave absorption. During the pyrolysis, the generated pyrolysis gas reduces the NCM to NiCoMnOx and Li2CO3, and the NiCoMnOx catalyzes the decomposition of pyrolysis gas to generate CNTs. Importantly, Li2CO3 suppresses the growth of NiCo particles to below 100 nm and PET as both an etching agent and a carbon source, achieving a carbon conversion rate of 33% while preventing NiCoMnOx poisoning. After heat treatment at 800 °C, the resulting material exhibits favorable microwave absorption with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL <−10 dB) of 7.01 GHz at 2.41 mm. Life cycle analysis (LCA) shows that this strategy has obvious environmental benefits. Overall, PET is a general enabler to prepare (NixCoy)MnO/CNTs microwave-absorbing materials harnessing carbon from binary plastics and critical metals from battery materials, providing a sustainable solution for upcycling spent LIBs and plastic wastes.