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<p>Moisture-induced ion diffusion in nanostructured materials is a promising route for high-performance power generation, yet achieving the continuous ion migration necessary for long-term operation remains challenging. Here, we report a moisture-electricity conversion mechanism capable of sustained electrical output. We demonstrate that humidity fluctuations regulate the dynamic coordination between iodide ions (I<sup>-</sup>) and iodine molecules (I<sub>2</sub>), driving the oscillatory migration of I<sup>-</sup> to generate a continuous alternating ion current (AC). Crucially, this coordination process avoids charge exchange, while electricity generation is achieved through moisture-driven ion transport. The device achieves a current output of 33.2 µA cm<sup>-</sup>² and exhibits sustainable performance recovery under natural humidity fluctuations. This mechanism remains effective even under minimal humidity gradients (13% RH), ensuring adaptability to diverse weather conditions. Our strategy, applicable to various gel materials, utilizes environmental humidity fluctuations as a power source for ion diffusion, offering a fundamental solution for long-term, autonomous energy harvesting.</p>

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Humidity-induced dynamic coordination drives the oscillatory migration of ions for sustainable energy harvesting

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Xulei Lu,
  • Jialin Liu,
  • Chunqiao Fu,
  • Peng Duan,
  • Changliu He,
  • Chenxing Wang,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • Yinpeng Huang,
  • Qi-Chang He,
  • Tingting Yang

摘要

Moisture-induced ion diffusion in nanostructured materials is a promising route for high-performance power generation, yet achieving the continuous ion migration necessary for long-term operation remains challenging. Here, we report a moisture-electricity conversion mechanism capable of sustained electrical output. We demonstrate that humidity fluctuations regulate the dynamic coordination between iodide ions (I-) and iodine molecules (I2), driving the oscillatory migration of I- to generate a continuous alternating ion current (AC). Crucially, this coordination process avoids charge exchange, while electricity generation is achieved through moisture-driven ion transport. The device achieves a current output of 33.2 µA cm-² and exhibits sustainable performance recovery under natural humidity fluctuations. This mechanism remains effective even under minimal humidity gradients (13% RH), ensuring adaptability to diverse weather conditions. Our strategy, applicable to various gel materials, utilizes environmental humidity fluctuations as a power source for ion diffusion, offering a fundamental solution for long-term, autonomous energy harvesting.