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<p>Printing facilitates low-cost thermoelectric generators to power battery-free internet-of-things devices, wearables, and Industry 4.0 systems. However, scaling up requires printable thermoelectric materials with good mechanical properties and high performance. Here, we report a high-performance Ag<sub>2</sub>(Se<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>1.05</sub>-based n-type printed thermoelectric film through a combination of engineering non-stoichiometric defects and sulfur substitution. An optimal sulfur substitution of 2 at. % facilitates an excellent flexibility and a power factor of~16 µWcm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−2</sup> at 360 K, a 65 % increase compared to a pristine Ag<sub>2</sub>Se film. A fully printed origami-thermoelectric generator produces a maximum power output <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({P}_{\max }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 907 µW at a temperature difference of 80 K. A record-high power density <i>p</i><sub><i>d</i></sub> of 21 W m<sup>−2</sup> (corresponding to 800 µW g<sup>−1</sup> as a weight-normalized power density) is achieved, twice that of previously reported origami-thermoelectric generators. These results highlight cost-effective manufacturing of thermoelectric generators with the capability to power next-generation autonomous electronic devices.</p>

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Printed origami thermoelectric generator achieves > 20 Wm−² from low-grade heat via material and process design

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Nan Luo,
  • Zirui Wang,
  • Ajay Kumar Verma,
  • Muhammad Irfan Khan,
  • Leonard Franke,
  • Jiayi Liu,
  • Alexei Nefedov,
  • Marc Schneider,
  • Holger Geßwein,
  • Erich Müller,
  • Kirsten Drüppel,
  • Tobias Weingaertner,
  • Yolita M. Eggeler,
  • Uli Lemmer,
  • Md Mofasser Mallick

摘要

Printing facilitates low-cost thermoelectric generators to power battery-free internet-of-things devices, wearables, and Industry 4.0 systems. However, scaling up requires printable thermoelectric materials with good mechanical properties and high performance. Here, we report a high-performance Ag2(Se1-xSx)1.05-based n-type printed thermoelectric film through a combination of engineering non-stoichiometric defects and sulfur substitution. An optimal sulfur substitution of 2 at. % facilitates an excellent flexibility and a power factor of~16 µWcm−1 K−2 at 360 K, a 65 % increase compared to a pristine Ag2Se film. A fully printed origami-thermoelectric generator produces a maximum power output \({P}_{\max }\) P max of 907 µW at a temperature difference of 80 K. A record-high power density pd of 21 W m−2 (corresponding to 800 µW g−1 as a weight-normalized power density) is achieved, twice that of previously reported origami-thermoelectric generators. These results highlight cost-effective manufacturing of thermoelectric generators with the capability to power next-generation autonomous electronic devices.