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<p>Conventional closed batteries are constrained by the electrical energy efficiency of 100%, inevitably leading to the reduction of electricity storage. In contrast, open decoupled batteries offer the possibility to break this limitation, but remain unexplored. Here, we develop a highly efficient and sustainable open decoupled battery through a three-electrodynamic-potential (3<i>E</i>) design, simultaneously realizing waste-to-energy conversion, power generation and energy storage. For decoupled electrodes, we engineer high discharge voltage (<i>E</i><sub>D</sub>) incorporating zinc oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions, and low charge voltage (<i>E</i><sub>C</sub>) involving zinc-ion reduction and hydrazine (waste) oxidation reactions. Furthermore, we introduce reverse electrodialysis potential (<i>E</i><sub>RED</sub>) by decoupling electrolytes. Consequently, the assembled battery demonstrates stability for 1000 cycles at the fast-charging current density of 300 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Moreover, a scaled 20-Ah-capacity battery was performed achieving a high electrical energy efficiency of 375% at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Techno-economic analyses reveal that storing one megawatt-hour of electricity using the open decoupled battery can reduce the cost and carbon emissions of power generation by over 80% compared to conventional batteries. This work establishes a foundation for designing electricity-amplified batteries with economic and environmental benefits.</p>

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An open decoupled cell design achieving electricity generation and amplification through waste-to-energy conversion

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Zhiyang Zheng,
  • Feng-Yi Zheng,
  • Bosi Huang,
  • Jiahe Xu,
  • Zhiqiang Xiao,
  • Zhexuan Liu,
  • Jiachang Liu,
  • Xiongwei Zhong,
  • Boran Wang,
  • Guangmin Zhou

摘要

Conventional closed batteries are constrained by the electrical energy efficiency of 100%, inevitably leading to the reduction of electricity storage. In contrast, open decoupled batteries offer the possibility to break this limitation, but remain unexplored. Here, we develop a highly efficient and sustainable open decoupled battery through a three-electrodynamic-potential (3E) design, simultaneously realizing waste-to-energy conversion, power generation and energy storage. For decoupled electrodes, we engineer high discharge voltage (ED) incorporating zinc oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions, and low charge voltage (EC) involving zinc-ion reduction and hydrazine (waste) oxidation reactions. Furthermore, we introduce reverse electrodialysis potential (ERED) by decoupling electrolytes. Consequently, the assembled battery demonstrates stability for 1000 cycles at the fast-charging current density of 300 mA cm−2. Moreover, a scaled 20-Ah-capacity battery was performed achieving a high electrical energy efficiency of 375% at 10 mA cm−2. Techno-economic analyses reveal that storing one megawatt-hour of electricity using the open decoupled battery can reduce the cost and carbon emissions of power generation by over 80% compared to conventional batteries. This work establishes a foundation for designing electricity-amplified batteries with economic and environmental benefits.