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<p>Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) to formate offers a sustainable route for decarbonization, yet achieving both high catalytic selectivity and stability remains challenging. Herein, we achieve a high formate Faradaic efficiency of 92.5% and full-cell energy efficiency of 53.8% at 30 A in a 100 cm<sup>2</sup> alkaline membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer based on the designed bismuth subcarbonate stabilized with copper (Cu@BOC) catalyst. The electrolyzer demonstrates durable electrolysis at 30 A for 130 h, producing a formate yield of 98.5 mol in 24.5 L of electrolyte (4.02 M). In situ electrochemical spectroscopy measurements reveal the critical role of Cu dopants in stabilizing the catalyst structure from self-reduction, enhancing *OCHO adsorption, and suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution. A scale-up coupled electrolysis system achieves a molar-scale formate production rate of 10.5 mol h<sup>−1</sup> at 2.1 kW and 100 A with a 5 × 100 cm<sup>2</sup> MEA electrolyzer stack. This rationally designed coupling electrosynthesis system with efficient formate production performance should significantly accelerate practical industrial applications of CO<sub>2</sub>RR to formate.</p>

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Copper-stabilized bismuth subcarbonate electrocatalysts for durable large-scale formate production at kilowatt power

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Huihui Zhang,
  • Zheng Bo,
  • Mingyue Wang,
  • Weixiao Lin,
  • Yingnan Liu,
  • Nengji Liu,
  • Xiahan Sang,
  • Bin Yang,
  • Zhongjian Li,
  • Lecheng Lei,
  • Liming Dai,
  • Yang Hou

摘要

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) to formate offers a sustainable route for decarbonization, yet achieving both high catalytic selectivity and stability remains challenging. Herein, we achieve a high formate Faradaic efficiency of 92.5% and full-cell energy efficiency of 53.8% at 30 A in a 100 cm2 alkaline membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer based on the designed bismuth subcarbonate stabilized with copper (Cu@BOC) catalyst. The electrolyzer demonstrates durable electrolysis at 30 A for 130 h, producing a formate yield of 98.5 mol in 24.5 L of electrolyte (4.02 M). In situ electrochemical spectroscopy measurements reveal the critical role of Cu dopants in stabilizing the catalyst structure from self-reduction, enhancing *OCHO adsorption, and suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution. A scale-up coupled electrolysis system achieves a molar-scale formate production rate of 10.5 mol h−1 at 2.1 kW and 100 A with a 5 × 100 cm2 MEA electrolyzer stack. This rationally designed coupling electrosynthesis system with efficient formate production performance should significantly accelerate practical industrial applications of CO2RR to formate.