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<p>The streaming of energetic charged particles can magnetize astrophysical and laboratory plasmas via the current filamentation instability. Despite its importance, the experimental characterization of this instability has remained a challenge. Here, we report an experiment combining a high-intensity optical laser with a high-brightness X-ray free electron laser that successfully images the instability in solid-density plasmas with 200 nm spatial and 50 fs temporal resolution. We characterize the development of μm-scale filamentary structures and their evolution over tens of picoseconds through a non-linear merging process. The measured plasma density modulations and long merging time reveal the critical importance of space-charge effects and ion motion on this electron-driven instability. Supporting theoretical analysis and kinetic simulations help distinguish the relative role of space-charge and resistive effects. Our findings indicate that magnetic fields on the order of 10 megagauss are produced, with important implications for transport and radiation emission of energetic particles in plasmas.</p>

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Time-resolved X-ray imaging of the current filamentation instability in solid-density plasmas

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Christopher Schoenwaelder,
  • Alexis Marret,
  • Stefan Assenbaum,
  • Chandra B. Curry,
  • Eric Cunningham,
  • Gilliss Dyer,
  • Stefan Funk,
  • Griffin D. Glenn,
  • Sebastian Goede,
  • Dimitri Khaghani,
  • Martin Rehwald,
  • Ulrich Schramm,
  • Franziska Treffert,
  • Milenko Vescovi,
  • Karl Zeil,
  • Siegfried H. Glenzer,
  • Frederico Fiuza,
  • Maxence Gauthier

摘要

The streaming of energetic charged particles can magnetize astrophysical and laboratory plasmas via the current filamentation instability. Despite its importance, the experimental characterization of this instability has remained a challenge. Here, we report an experiment combining a high-intensity optical laser with a high-brightness X-ray free electron laser that successfully images the instability in solid-density plasmas with 200 nm spatial and 50 fs temporal resolution. We characterize the development of μm-scale filamentary structures and their evolution over tens of picoseconds through a non-linear merging process. The measured plasma density modulations and long merging time reveal the critical importance of space-charge effects and ion motion on this electron-driven instability. Supporting theoretical analysis and kinetic simulations help distinguish the relative role of space-charge and resistive effects. Our findings indicate that magnetic fields on the order of 10 megagauss are produced, with important implications for transport and radiation emission of energetic particles in plasmas.