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<p>Remote communication in small-scale robotics offers a powerful way to enhance their capabilities, introducing options for state monitoring, multi-agent collaboration, and autonomous operation. Integrating common remote communication tools, such as antennas, into microrobots is challenging with conventional design and manufacturing techniques. We propose a concept that integrates shape-reconfigurable soft microrobots with flexible electronics, leveraging their elastic mechanical properties to enable remote communication. This approach, based on photolithography processes, is scalable and adaptable to various sensing applications. As a proof of concept, we present a microrobot, which integrates a thermoresponsive magnetic hydrogel, an anisotropic support structure, and a flexible dipole antenna into a cohesive three-layered design. The microrobot can morph from a&#xa0;helical shape at low-temperatures to a&#xa0;planar shape at high-temperatures. This shape transformation can be remotely detected by external radio communication receivers, enabling shape-state recognition and environmental temperature sensing. Furthermore, we show that the collective behavior of multiple microrobots enhances the recognition performance by amplifying the signal. The concept represents a significant advancement in co-engineering smart materials and flexible electronics, illustrating an approach of microrobotic embodied intelligence by integrating environmental monitoring, magnetic navigation, and remote signaling.</p>

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Soft magnetic microrobots with remote sensing and communication capabilities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Quan Gao,
  • Minsoo Kim,
  • Denis von Arx,
  • Elric Zhang,
  • Xinzhi Zhang,
  • Hao Ye,
  • Christian Vogt,
  • Claas Ehmke,
  • Dianne Corsino,
  • Federica Catania,
  • Niko Münzenrieder,
  • Michele Magno,
  • Giuseppe Cantarella,
  • Bradley J. Nelson,
  • Salvador Pané

摘要

Remote communication in small-scale robotics offers a powerful way to enhance their capabilities, introducing options for state monitoring, multi-agent collaboration, and autonomous operation. Integrating common remote communication tools, such as antennas, into microrobots is challenging with conventional design and manufacturing techniques. We propose a concept that integrates shape-reconfigurable soft microrobots with flexible electronics, leveraging their elastic mechanical properties to enable remote communication. This approach, based on photolithography processes, is scalable and adaptable to various sensing applications. As a proof of concept, we present a microrobot, which integrates a thermoresponsive magnetic hydrogel, an anisotropic support structure, and a flexible dipole antenna into a cohesive three-layered design. The microrobot can morph from a helical shape at low-temperatures to a planar shape at high-temperatures. This shape transformation can be remotely detected by external radio communication receivers, enabling shape-state recognition and environmental temperature sensing. Furthermore, we show that the collective behavior of multiple microrobots enhances the recognition performance by amplifying the signal. The concept represents a significant advancement in co-engineering smart materials and flexible electronics, illustrating an approach of microrobotic embodied intelligence by integrating environmental monitoring, magnetic navigation, and remote signaling.