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<p>This review covers the advancements of optical super-resolution microscopy (SRM) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) histological samples. We cover the implementation of various SRM strategies in histology, including wide field methods such as structured illumination microscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy and fluorescence fluctuations-based SRM, as well as&#xa0;the point-scanning stimulated emission depletion microscopy. We also cover&#xa0;the&#xa0;recent developments in FFPE-based&#xa0;expansion microscopy. The review highlights the advantages and challenges of these SRM methods in FFPE histology, and provides insights into emerging optical and computational techniques that can potentially open avenues for understanding disease mechanisms, tailoring treatments, and advancing personalized medicine across disciplines. This review article is intended for a broad audience, including histopathologists, biologists, physiologists, and physicists.</p>

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Optical super-resolution histology of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples: challenges and opportunities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Luis E. Villegas-Hernández,
  • Vishesh K. Dubey,
  • Ganesh Acharya,
  • Balpreet Singh Ahluwalia

摘要

This review covers the advancements of optical super-resolution microscopy (SRM) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) histological samples. We cover the implementation of various SRM strategies in histology, including wide field methods such as structured illumination microscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy and fluorescence fluctuations-based SRM, as well as the point-scanning stimulated emission depletion microscopy. We also cover the recent developments in FFPE-based expansion microscopy. The review highlights the advantages and challenges of these SRM methods in FFPE histology, and provides insights into emerging optical and computational techniques that can potentially open avenues for understanding disease mechanisms, tailoring treatments, and advancing personalized medicine across disciplines. This review article is intended for a broad audience, including histopathologists, biologists, physiologists, and physicists.