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<p>Uranium extraction from seawater offers a promising route to secure sustainable nuclear fuel and mitigate environmental issues from fossil fuel consumption, yet it remains hindered by low extraction efficiency and severe biofouling. Herein, we report a self-adaptative adsorbent—cyclized polyacrylonitrile–polyethyleneimine (CPAP)—which undergoes conformation expansion in alkaline seawater to enhance uranium uptake and contracts in acidic solution to facilitate uranium desorption. CPAP exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 22.3 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, outperforming all reported fiber-based adsorbents. Its excellent photothermal effect combined with quaternary ammonium functionalities effectively suppresses biological adhesion. Mechanistic studies reveal that electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen bonding drive pH-responsive structural transitions. Furthermore, a self-designed flow-type extraction device demonstrates high uranium extraction efficiency (1.91 mg g<sup>-1</sup>d<sup>-1</sup>) and excellent cycling stability, underscoring the practical scalability of this strategy. Overall, This work introduces a self-adaptative concept materials for enhancing seawater uranium harvesting, opening the door to fundamental research on designing intelligent adsorbent.</p>

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Designing self-adaptative cyclized polyacrylonitrile-polyethyleneimine conjugates enhance uranium extraction from natural seawater

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月20日

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  • Ying Wang,
  • Ruolan Zhao,
  • Yachao Xu,
  • Peng Yu,
  • Shifang Yang,
  • Yue Qu,
  • Rongjuan Feng,
  • Mingyi Zhang,
  • Youxing Liu

摘要

Uranium extraction from seawater offers a promising route to secure sustainable nuclear fuel and mitigate environmental issues from fossil fuel consumption, yet it remains hindered by low extraction efficiency and severe biofouling. Herein, we report a self-adaptative adsorbent—cyclized polyacrylonitrile–polyethyleneimine (CPAP)—which undergoes conformation expansion in alkaline seawater to enhance uranium uptake and contracts in acidic solution to facilitate uranium desorption. CPAP exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 22.3 mg g-1, outperforming all reported fiber-based adsorbents. Its excellent photothermal effect combined with quaternary ammonium functionalities effectively suppresses biological adhesion. Mechanistic studies reveal that electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen bonding drive pH-responsive structural transitions. Furthermore, a self-designed flow-type extraction device demonstrates high uranium extraction efficiency (1.91 mg g-1d-1) and excellent cycling stability, underscoring the practical scalability of this strategy. Overall, This work introduces a self-adaptative concept materials for enhancing seawater uranium harvesting, opening the door to fundamental research on designing intelligent adsorbent.